Part Five Chapter VI

VI Shirley showered and pulled clothes out of the wardrobe while Howard slept noisily on. The church bell of St Michael and All Saints, ringing for ten o'clock matins, reached her as she buttoned up her cardigan. She always thought how loud it must be for the Jawandas, living right opposite, and hoped that it struck them as a loud proclamation of Pagford's adherence to the old ways and traditions of which they, so conspicuously, were not a part. Automatically, because it was what she so often did, Shirley walked along the hall, turned into Patricia's old bedroom and sat down at the computer. Patricia ought to be here, sleeping on the sofa-bed that Shirley had made up for her. It was a relief not to have to deal with her this morning. Howard, who had still been humming ‘The Green, Green Grass of Home' when they arrived at Ambleside in the early hours, had not realized that Patricia was absent until Shirley had had the key in the front door. ‘Where's Pat?' he had wheezed, leaning against the porch. ‘Oh, she was upset that Melly didn't want to come,' sighed Shirley. ‘They had a row or something †¦ I expect she's gone home to try and patch things up.' ‘Never a dull moment,' said Howard, bouncing lightly off alternate walls of the narrow hallway as he navigated his way carefully towards the bedroom. Shirley brought up her favourite medical website. When she typed in the first letter of the condition she wished to investigate, the site offered its explanation of EpiPens again, so Shirley swiftly revised their use and content, because she might yet have an opportunity to save their potboy's life. Next, she carefully typed in ‘eczema', and learned, somewhat to her disappointment, that the condition was not infectious, and could not, therefore, be used as an excuse to sack Sukhvinder Jawanda. From sheer force of habit, she then typed in the address of the Pagford Parish Council website, and clicked onto the message board. She had grown to recognize at a glance the shape and length of the user name The_Ghost_of_Barry_Fairbrother, just as a besotted lover knows at once the back of their beloved's head, or the set of their shoulders, or the tilt of their walk. A single glimpse at the topmost message sufficed: excitement exploded; he had not forsaken her. She had known that Dr Jawanda's outburst could not go unpunished. Affair of the First Citizen of Pagford She read it, but did not, at first, understand: she had been expecting to see Parminder's name. She read it again, and gave the suffocated gasp of a woman being hit by icy water. Howard Mollison, First Citizen of Pagford, and long-standing resident Maureen Lowe have been more than business partners for many years. It is common knowledge that Maureen holds regular tastings of Howard's finest salami. The only person who appears not to be in on the secret is Shirley, Howard's wife. Completely motionless in her chair, Shirley thought: it's not true. It could not be true. Yes, she had once or twice suspected †¦ had hinted, sometimes, to Howard †¦ No, she would not believe it. She could not believe it. But other people would. They would believe the Ghost. Everybody believed him. Her hands were like empty gloves, fumbling and feeble, as she tried, with many a blunder, to remove the message from the site. Every second that it remained there, somebody else might be reading it, believing it, laughing about it, passing it to the local newspaper †¦ Howard and Maureen, Howard and Maureen †¦ The message was gone. Shirley sat and stared at the computer monitor, her thoughts scurrying like mice in a glass bowl, trying to escape, but there was no way out, no firm foothold, no way of climbing back to the happy place she had occupied before she saw that dreadful thing, written in public for the world to see †¦ He had laughed at Maureen. No, she had laughed at Maureen. Howard had laughed at Kenneth. Always together: holidays and workdays and weekend excursions †¦ †¦ only person who appears not to be in on the secret †¦ †¦ she and Howard did not need sex: separate beds for years, they had a silent understanding †¦ †¦ holds regular tastings of Howard's finest salami †¦ (Shirley's mother was alive in the room with her: cackling and jeering, a glass slopping wine †¦ Shirley could not bear dirty laughter. She had never been able to bear ribaldry or ridicule.) She jumped up, tripping over the chair legs, and hurried back to the bedroom. Howard was still asleep, lying on his back, making rumbling, porcine noises. ‘Howard,' she said. ‘Howard.' It took a whole minute to rouse him. He was confused and disorientated, but as she stood over him, she saw him still as a knight protector who could save her. ‘Howard, the Ghost of Barry Fairbrother's put up another message.' Disgruntled at his rude awakening, Howard made a growling groaning noise into the pillow. ‘About you,' said Shirley. They did very little plain speaking, she and Howard. She had always liked that. But today she was driven to it. ‘About you,' she repeated, ‘and Maureen. It says you've been – having an affair.' His big hand slid up over his face and he rubbed his eyes. He rubbed them longer, she was convinced, than he needed. ‘What?' he said, his face shielded. ‘You and Maureen, having an affair.' ‘Where's he get that from?' No denial, no outrage, no scathing laughter. Merely a cautious request for a source. Ever afterwards, Shirley would remember this moment as a death; a life truly ended.

Heaney as a Modern Poet

Seam's Haney as a poet of Modern Ireland Seam's Haney epitomizes the dilemma of the modern poet. In his collection of essays ‘Preoccupations' he embarks on a search for answers to some fundamental questions regarding a poet: How should a poet live and write? What Is his relationship to his own voice, his own place, his literary heritage and his contemporary world? In ‘Preoccupations' Haney imagines ‘Digging' itself as having been ‘dug up', rather than written, observing that he has ‘come to realize that It was laid down in me years ago'.In this sense, the poetic act is one of ‘retrieval'-of recovering something that already exists-rather than of creating something entirely new from whole cloth, Plagued by the moral dilemma of sympathizing with the school of thought that wanted to destroy the Protestant supremacy, and being a poet, he could not condone violence. This dilemma tore him apart and gave way to a sense of fragmented Identity and an Inevit able nihilism. It Is this sense of the repetition of cycles rooted deep in the past that attracted Haney to Glob's book on The Bog People.What Glob offers is an image off pre-Christian, northern European tribal society in which ritual violence is a necessary part of the structure of life. Most of the Iron-Age bodies recovered from the Jutland Bogs and documented by Glob had been the victims of ritual killings, many of them having served as human sacrifices to the Earth Goddess Nervous. Haney detected a kinship between the Pagan civilizations of Jutland and Ireland's own Celtic traditions.Haney in a conversation affirms â€Å"Irish Catholicism is continuous with something older than Christianity†. Honey's first extended attempt at conflating his understanding of Glob's Jutland rituals with his own sense of mythic and modern history comes in the ‘Tolland Man'. The Tolland Man is one of the recovered bodies by Glob in this book. He was a victim sacrificed to Nervous, In th e hope of securing a good crop from the land, and It Is In this sense that he is, as Haney describes him as ‘Bridegroom to the goddess'.Haney imagines the killing of the Tolland Man and his subsequent burial in the Bog as a kind of violent love making between victim and goddess, In which Nervous , ‘opening her fen' reserves the victim's body by immersing it in her sexual ‘dark juices'. When the Tolland Man is dug up, many centuries later the turf cutters discover ‘His last gruel of winter seed/caked In his stomach'. Ever since Haney placed as a child In a moss- hole, Haney realized that the Bog represented for him a repository of memories of his childhood. He also recognized the Bog as being literally a storage place which held objects preserved for decades beneath It.Just as Haney believed that Ireland's history lay beneath the Bog he also began to use the Bog to project her future. The fact that poetry is a kind of continuous and complex stream of thoughts, a composite of memories In which what we have experienced in the past Is constantly merging with our experience of the moment best embodied by Eliot;s ‘Time present and time past/are both perhaps present in time future/and time future contained in time past'. Haynes poems are laced with a strong sense of alienation In the modern world and the need to negotiate the distance between origins and present circumstances.In the poem ‘Digging' learning and the privileges to which it provides access are what operates the speaker trot his tamer. The speaker sits inside looking out at his father working beneath his window. If he cannot literally dig, he can ‘dig metaphorically unearthing the detail of the life of his family and community and honoring them by preserving them in his verse. As Hellene Vender puts it, these early poems memorial ‘a life which the poet does not want to follow, could not follow, but none the less recognizes as forever a part of his inner land scape'.The language evokes a strong sense of the sight and sound of the world being described which indicates the early influence on Haney of this near contemporary English poet Ted Hughes. Language is thus deployed here with enormous precision in the impressionistic manner in order to evoke a detailed image of a very specific world with Haney describing it as the rustle of language itself. In the true modernist vein Haney takes a descent into his past which becomes analogous to his subconscious, ‘digging' out memories. The land of Ireland itself is, the object of resentment for those who endured the terrible suffering of the Great Hunger.In ‘Ata Potato Digging the ultra collective of ‘a people hungering from birth' takes on a political dimension as well as a purely descriptive one. The degradation of having to grub ‘like plants' makes the people seem worth no more than weeds so it is unsurprising that they should feel that their land is the ‘bitchy ear th'. Honey's subject matter and imagery become stark and astringent filled with death and dying and rooted firmly in his world. However, the irony becomes evident when the essence of profligacy is contrasted with famine victim could afford to throw away tea dregs or crusts.As the workers stretch out in their rest they are describes lying on faithless ground'. This reminds us of the fact that nature can set its face against humanity and behave in an unpredictable manner. It can also be argued that although Honey's work is full of images of death and dying, it is at the same time deeply rooted in life endlessly metaphorical. It holds out an offer of endlessness of cynical history of eternity. Honey's poems are ultimately peace poems intensifying the sense of beauty in contrast to the horror of violence and the pathos of needless death.

American Indians Today Essay Example for Free

American Indians Today Essay The Native Americans were the primary citizens of America long before white men set on foot in the area. When the Europeans conquered the American soil, an estimated 10 million Indians composed the Population of America. It is situated at the north of the country, present-day Mexico. According to history scholars, the Native Americans were believed to settle in the country approximately 20,000 to 30,000 years ago. (nativeamericans) The Native Americans were able to get into the country through the land-bridge situated from the northeastern Siberia into Alaska. The primary Indian cultures in North America is classified into Sandia, discovered in 15000 BC, Clovis in 12000 BC and Folsom in 8000 BC. The identification of the Native Americans should not be misguidedly understood as the Indians of Asia since the term was coined by Christopher Columbus when he mistakenly believe the Native Americans as part of the islands of America as part of the Indies in Asia. (nativeamericans) When the Europeans arrived in the country, the Native Americans welcomed them graciously and considered it a marvel to see white men. Considering also the technologies the European brought, the Native Americans were impressed with their conquering guests. However, as the Europeans started to degrade the forests inhabited by the Native Americans, the Native Americans realized the real intention of the Europeans that has consequently disturbed the balance in their nature. Aside from the natural resources employed by the European conquerors, even the Native Americans were seen as a commodity for manpower and labor. (Berkhofers) The Native Americans began to attribute the Europeans into soulless creatures that were in their territory to destruct their natural environment. Not only did the Europeans abuse the environment, they also brought diseases that were infectious to the Native Americans. This eventually led to several uprising of the Native Indians. (Berkhofers)The Europeans were accustomed to conquests, so the Native Americans responded against the Indian Wars and the Indian Removal Act which enabled the Europeans to have ownership of the country. It was a great disadvantage for the Native Americans because of their number, lack of weapons and unwillingness to cooperate even at their own expense. In a final blow against the Native Americans, U. S cavalrymen massacred Indian warriors, women and children in 1890. (â€Å"Native America: Portrait of the People†; Thomas) For many years, many have believed that the Native Americans are extinct cultures. That is why many American Indians are advocating their right to be known as a culture which fought hard and survived whatever they have experienced in their own native land. Many American Indians are still trying to establish their own identity in a country that has become to be white men populated. American Indians Today. (2017, May 29).

Bullying Should be Abolished Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bullying Should be Abolished - Research Paper Example A second form of bullying is the verbal assault, which includes calling names or insulting an individual or worse still spreading rumors about the person (Rigby 225). In other cases, some bullies use text messages to intimidate an individual. Other bullies use the internet and intimidate others by posting nasty comments to an individual’s profile on a social network. Other bullies post pictures that seek to intimidate or raise issues on one’s reputation. Bullying may also be sexual in cases where the bully sends sexual photos, calls you names that touch on sexuality or physically harasses one sexually without their consent. Bullying can take place in school, neighborhood, workplace, and among peers. Other bullies find their prey on the internet and in cyber. Often victims face bullying because of their race, body shape, family, sexuality, and integrity. Bullying is a detestable act in society, and the institutions should abolish it and the government should establish an anti-bully policy. Bullying has devastating effects on the wellbeing of individuals and denies the victims opportunities of living freely. Bullies cause immeasurable intimidation on their victim affecting their self-esteem. According to scholars, the practice is common in high schools. Further, researchers believe that from the understanding of human development, humans build self-esteem during their teen age. High school students are in this age bracket and therefore their self-esteem is greatly affected. These students feel inferior to their fellow students and show signs of loss of self worth (William 2). Individuals, who experience a low self-esteem in their teen age, usually have difficulties in self-actualization later in their lives. They lack faith in themselves and unless they can rise above these challenges, they do not achieve their goals in life. From Rigby’s publication, it is also clear that victims of bullying have a higher likelihood of developing psychiatric disorders (227). This happens later in their lives if they face bullying at the tender age of eight years. It is unfair to deny an individual an opportunity to develop a high self-esteem and affect the rest of their lives. Children who are bullies show signs of depression and this indicates that bullying affects both the victim and the bully. Victims of bullying undergo extreme trauma. They feel empty and nobody comes to their rescue; they lose the reason for living and take their lives. This is usually so tragic to the family of such teenagers. Moreover, these teenagers die at a tender age and never live to see their dreams come true and this is a great loss to society in terms of potential. Families of the victims have a hard time accepting the death of their beloved children according to Colson in his article titled `Mother claims bullying led to daughter’s suicide’. Friends of the victims experience great loss too and tend to live in fear of the same happening to them. The main cause of reported suicide is usually because of feeling worthless and this ascertains to the fact that bullying can lead to suicide. Bullies can also consider suicide on realization that a victim committed suicide. This is because of guilt and even those not taking this option experience depression because of guilt. Bullying affects children negatively and reports

'Fair values good, historical costs bad' (after Orwell; Animal Farm) Essay

'Fair values good, historical costs bad' (after Orwell; Animal Farm). Discuss - Essay Example Have the bean-counters tired of numbers? What in the balance sheet’s name is happening? The simple reason for the new mantra is that the accounting profession has decided on a new set of standards for the valuation of assets. Perhaps never before in accounting history has an issue generated such controversy as the debate between fair value and historical cost, which is reaching mythic proportions as a battle between good and evil. The accounting profession is one of the pillars of capitalism, a great invention of the modern era because it allows for transparency, fairness, and trust in the conduct of business (Johnson, 1975). Without accounting standards, it would have been impossible for the world of business to have gone as far as it has, simply because we would not have many of the aspects of business that we now take for granted. Valuation of corporate shares, borrowing and lending of funds, capitalisation of assets, and even pricing of products and services would have been problematic, as it was in the early days of business when the words caveat emptor (Buyer Beware!) was the norm. In addition, it is easier to calculate profit and loss and to price risk because accountants have agreed on generally accepted accounting practice. Investors are better informed, owners of corporations can sleep better at night, and millions of workers can get instant feedback on their collective performance thanks to the accounting standards that help establish share prices, cash flows, and liquidity, giving each stakeholder a clearer picture of its position. Accounting reports have come a long way in the last hundred years as to report the true position of a company’s accounts, but as recent events have made clear, notably the scandals associated with formerly high-flying companies Enron and WorldCom in the U.S., accounting standards need to be continuously and carefully defined

MUSIC REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MUSIC REPORT - Essay Example The music starts soft, with strings ushering in soft music and later on would crescendo into a complete expression of his love for Cosima. The events in Wagner’s life prompted the composition of the Idyll, a piece that remains to be one of his greatest masterpieces to this day! Upon listening to the music, the notes take a relaxing mood, moving into a sweet caress of the notes. In the later part of the Idyll, the notes become more melancholic, more serious, bringing the mood back to reality, reflecting Wagner’s struggle throughout his career. However, this struggle was lifted and made lighter by Cosima, whom Wagner referred to as his eternal support. Sigfried Idyll reflects Wagner’s romantic nature, as recounted, he held Cosima’s hands, â€Å"and she was beside him as he wrote down the last notes for the full orchestral score of Sigfried†. This brilliant composition is a very good expression of love and life – a balance of feeling blessed, an d struggles one continuously face. Another brilliant composer, whose work remains popular up to this day, is Ludwig Van Beethoven, a German composer and pianist. Beethoven’s Piano Concerto No. 1 in C Major, Op. 15 was written between 1796 and 1797, and was played for the first time in Prague, in 1798, by Beethoven himself. Piano Concerto No. 1 in C Major generally has an upbeat melody, with a faint melancholic transition in the middle, and then rising once again into its upbeat spirit. This piece combines dramatic classical style of lively contrasts and symmetrical forms. With the forceful nature of Beethoven’s music, he gave voice to the new current of subjectivism and individualism which emerged at the coming around of the French revolution, as well as the rise of the middle class. In listening to this piece, Beethoven conveys the message of freedom and equality as the notes â€Å"demand† and â€Å"protest† with its forceful, rhythmic patterns. Piano concerto No. 1 in C Major certainly

FORTH ROAD BRIDGE MAINTENANCE Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

FORTH ROAD BRIDGE MAINTENANCE - Coursework Example This paper examines maintenance/upgrading/repair of the bridge’s crucial members, with particular emphasis on the main cables. This, in the context of identification of the faults associated with the cables, and the methodology adopted in repair or remedy of the observed damages. The techniques involved/applied in the maintenance of this bridge will also be discussed. Recommendations will be made, and where appropriate, alternative repair methods would be suggested. The methodology entails a critical assessment based on literature research, hence references will be made to available studies on the subject, and where necessary, other relevant material would be cited. The maintenance of the Forth Road bridge is multi-dimensional in nature. Generally, there could be a categorisation into two broad classes: (a) small to medium-sized maintenance operations, and (b) major operations. The first category serves the general purpose of simply keeping the bridge usable, while the second category serves the more vital purpose of enhancing, improving or elevating the serviceability of the structure to a higher level. It is noteworthy that training of staff, risk assessments and method statements are carried out prior to any task, to ensure that work is carried out as safely as possible. This can perhaps be described as yet another dimension of these maintenance operations, impacting on quality of the procedures involved, in the context of safety. A number of simple or basic operations have been identified in connection with maintenance of this bridge. There are, for instance, routine tasks during the summer months involving the washing of the steelwork of the suspended span truss with freshwater to remove surface salts and guano. There are, and have been, small to medium-sized maintenance works carried out since the Forth Road Bridge commenced service, and, in this context, these

Is ethical Business Good or Bad for Business Essay

Is ethical Business Good or Bad for Business - Essay Example The researcher states that as recently as about a decade ago, most firms perceived business ethics in terms of compliance with the legal standards as well as their adherence to the internal regulations and rules only. In the present day business world, this situation has changed greatly. Attention to the business ethics has increased throughout the globe and many organizations have realized that they must earn their customers confidence and respect for them to attain remarkable success. Corporations like never before, are being encouraged, asked, as well as prodded towards improvement of their business practices in emphasizing ethical and legal behavior. Corporations, individuals, and professional firms are increasingly being held accountable for their operations, as business witness growth in demand for higher corporate social responsibility standards. Workplace ethics have been a very hot topic in the current business studies. In the American workers’ eyes, the market downtu rn can certainly be attributed to deceit and greed. However, there are some other additional factors for the growing discussion concerning ethical practices in the workplace and they include the executives conduct regarding pay: throughout multiple firms, there exist inequalities in pay from the individuals at the highest organisational levels to those below them. The discrepancy is frequently linked to custom and entitlement but not to performance. Second is the awareness of potential of falling off the slippery slope, whereby individuals have witnessed many people falling off from their levels. Third is the behavior of sports and academic heroes, particularly the recent Syracuse and Penn State Universities’ scandals, which surpass football fields to leadership at various levels in both institutions. Finally is an unpinning of the way individuals treat each other. Current political game has rhetoric of blames making individuals assume that the society only cares about winnin g with civility being ruled out of winning (Lattal, 2012, p. 22). Answering the question whether ethical behavior is good or bad for business organizations is not an easy task. Unquestionably, ethical conduct makes a good sense of business. However, just as with all the other business studies’ issues, there exist two sides to this argument and this could be highlighted in the advantages and disadvantages of ethical business. Some of the benefits of ethical business include improvement in business and brand recognition and awareness, higher revenues- due to the demand from the positive consumer support, new financial sources such as from ethical investors, and better motivation and recruitment of employees. Arguments against ethical business present such disadvantages as higher costs like sourcing from the fair-trade suppliers instead of lowest prices, dangers of creating false expectations, and higher overheads such as communication and training of ethical policies. These arg uments form the basis of this paper. Focus is on establishing whether ethical business is good or bad for business entities and this shall be given from the literature review findings from which the writer shall draw strong points to support ethical business conduct/operations. Thus, this paper wishes to present ethical business conduct as being good for businesses. Literature Review Business ethics is one of the specialized ethics’ branches that focus on the application of moral standards to business behavior and organizations (Velasques, 1998). Being as such, business ethics cannot be comprehended separately from general ethics ideas and the common ethical theories as well applying to the business ethics (Fritzsche & Becker, 1984; Hunt & Vitell, 1986; Lahdesnati, 2005; Schumann, 2001). The normative ethical theory present varied moral theories, which independently prescribe set of the moral rules, which individual

You may do two papers on one artist's Research Paper

You may do two papers on one artist's - Research Paper Example While his mother assisted him in appreciating art as a young boy of 12 years, working at his father’s barbershop opened him up to the business world and to social issues of his surroundings. Mentorship alone is not enough to develop and sharpen skills and thus Hunt went through schooling. The first formal training that Hunt attended was at Juniors School of Art Institute at Chicago and later he joined University of Illinois to further his studies. At this early age, Hunt began experimental sculptors from abstract though guided by the twentieth century’s artists. This made him impress the community around him and he joined several exhibitions like Artists of Chicago, Vicinity Show, and American Show. While in the American show, Museum of Modern Art purchased a piece for its collection. In 1962, he was the youngest artist to exhibit in Seattle World’s fair, which is an international survey exhibition. According to Richard Hunt as quoted in the Lubeznik centre, â€Å"My career in sculpture began in 1955. It was then, while still a student, I began to exhibit my sculpture around Chicago in all sorts of places-art fairs, small galleries, local art centres, and the like† (Lubeznik centre). Hunt describes his career in the next twelve years that followed this and how he grew in the area of sculptural development. In addition, his skills enabled him to develop as a private, independent studio based and self-generated artist. In 1974, Richard accepted to head the project of Thunderbird Park that had started in 1952 with his grandfather Mungo Martin. He later dropped the project and started his own studio to pursue his own career. According to Galleria Silecchia, â€Å"Among other public works, Richard was selected for a major installation at the Vancouver International Airport and was a part of a multi-artist commission to create the furnishings for the University of

Cell phones how have they changed us socially Essay Example for Free

Cell phones how have they changed us socially Essay Some people might find it hard to believe that there was once a time when cell phones weren’t around. Having to recall a time when letters were used to get messages back and forth from one person to another. Then slowly we added the addition of phones. In the beginning phones were just a way to contact people if they happend to be home when called. Then we invented cell phones. With them we can make and receive calls in almost any location and we can send text messages . Cell phone use has increased in the past years because is really easy and economic to have one. Year into year cell phones become better and better. Today , except making and receiveing calls and also texting messages, we can do a lot of interesting things with them. For example we can listen to music, record voice notes, make video clips, play games, take pictures, access the internet and many other things. But there is also a bad side of cell phones. They affected the way we socialize these days; if you notice people are starting to text their friends and family instead if actually speaking verbally. Many adolescents and also older generations spend more time sending text messages or chatting on Facebook than speaking You go out to dinner and look around and see people out with family but there is no conversations going on at the table mostly just huh†¦ yeah†¦ mmhm.., because they are busy texting someone not there on their phones. I feel human communicant is slowly disappearing among friends and family. You even see parent’s texting their kids when in the same house to discuss something with them. Our communication between each other is depending on a little electronic device. People use cell phones in public places, and during church. I have even seen ten-year olds walking across the street texting their friends instead of paying attention to the cars.

About Leadership In Sport And Leisure Sport Essay

About Leadership In Sport And Leisure Sport Essay Do not forget that you are required to keep a copy of all of your submitted work. I certify that this assignment is my own work and that all sources of information have been acknowledged. This report critically analyses the role of leadership to managing people in sport and leisure organisations. It uses critical thinking methods to demonstrate the definition of leadership, the human resource management in sport leisure organisation, the difference between management and leadership and some key theories of leadership. Finally, it analyses to analysis a case studies through one practical sports organisation as example. The purpose is to make logical recommendations for improving the fitness club management ideas to build a strong cohesion and loyalty of staff ranks high. The Definition of Leadership Leadership was defined by Parry (1996: 2) who stated that â€Å"Leadership is the presentation by a person of some identifiable goal or vision or future state that people can desire; and the generation of a willingness within those people to follow the leader along a socially responsible and mutually beneficial course of action, toward thatgoal.† This concept of leadership seemed ambiguous; it did not emphasis the effectiveness of leadership and major characteristics. Leadership probably means having a long term vision and to stimulate the people follow he or she to achieve their common goal for the companys future development. Strange and Munford (2002) believed that the direct leadership comes from the personal charismatic leadership; this could be the best way to influence and motivate people. Therefore, Wunderer and Grunwald (1980: 232) defined â€Å"leadership as a goal-oriented and social impact to fulfill common tasks in a structured work environment.† Because of many kinds of notions about leadership, it always led to confusion between leadership and management. As far as this point is concerned, the following essay will research the role of leadership in an essential position in the management environment. Simultaneously, it will evaluate the process of human resource management. Human Resource Management Human Resource Management system plays a significant role in a company or organization. It directly impacts on this organizations strategic implementation in each step and controls the speed of development with their competitors in the same sphere. Heathfield (2010) proposed that â€Å"Human Resource Management (HRM) is the function within an organization that focuses on recruitment of, management of, and providing direction for the people who work in the organization. Human Resource Management can also be performed by line managers.† Moreover, in the past in USA, HRM concentrated on the human relations in the enterprise management and employees relations in the working environment; Due to industrial psychology, it applies consolidated systems and strategies commonly, HRM was also considered as personnel management (PM) in the UK (Chadwick and Beech, 2004). According to the above statements, it was obviously seen that a manager was set in a core position in the HRM system. The mangers main responsibility was to deal with issues related to people, such as recruitment, to choose who the most appropriate person for this vacancy is. As Taylor et al (2008) said the HRM system was the first level of administration in people management system, while encouraging more organizational activities. How can we evaluate the organization owns a good HRM system or not? It focuses on the Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) system. Operational effectiveness and strategic positioning were two fundamental methods to support the organization in outperforming their rivals in an industry (Porter, 1979). These two points could stimulate the organization have to perform better activities than other competitors and create some unique advantages in the same industry. However, Taylor et al (2008:128) commented that â€Å"a focused strategy requires a competitive position based on cost leadership or differentiation†. Wright and McMahon (1992: 295) gave a definition of SHRM as, â€Å"the pattern of planned human resource deployments and activities intended to enable an organization to achieve its goals†. The purpose of SHRM was to choose the best appropriate candidate take part in their own organization whilst increase the organization marketing segment in the industry. Sport organization was a good example, each sport clubs would like to attract a famous coach or athlete, like in National Basketball Association (NBA). There was no doubt that NBA draft was the best opportunity to provide for each team to choose a potential player in every year. However, in the practice of organization, SHRM system did not only focus on some basic HRM skills, but also extended the range of relevant management techniques, for instance, high-commitment work system, the process of recruitment, leadership philosophy and the development of process of the organization (Taylor et al, 2008). In brief, the present approach of SHRM still in the traditional HRM scope; it lacked practical circumstance for an organization to operate their performance in different situations. Particularly in a sport organization, if it could combine the HRM rational theory and operate the SHRM in a practical process of organization, it would bring more outcomes for the organizations long term development. In addition, managerial leadership was an indispensable part in the SHRM. Hence, the next part of the essay will look at the differences between management and leadership. Differences of Management and Leadership Regarding the issue about relationship and the distinction between management and leadership, different people will have their different perspectives. In the early stage, a professor named John Adair (1988) made use of etymological origins to explain the difference in a magazine interview; Adair revealed that â€Å"leadership† stems from an Anglo-Saxon word; it means that a road, a way, the path of a ship at sea, a common sense of direction, whereas â€Å"management† was from a Latin word â€Å"manus†, it means a hand and it has to do with handling a sword, a ship, a horse. It is easy to remind people what entrepreneurial engineers and accountants were doing when starting and administration businesses and how they gained the currency in the 19th century. Nevertheless, since the leadership development in recent years, more functions have been appeared, such as planning, organizing and controlling work. These functions are similar to the functions of management in my view. Managers always make a plan, organize the activity and administrate the limit resources to realize some common objectives (Gill, 1997). Meanwhile, managers could communicate with his or her employees, but leaders usually influence and inspire his or her employees. Behind each leader there is a support team and followers, however, managers just have their subordinates. In my opinion, management focuses on implementing the whole plan through the managers ability and making the utmost of the managing resources, whereas leadership emphases the individual persons idea and imbues with the main spirit to their employees. In brief, the final goal for good management or leadership is to win the hearts and minds of their people. Leadership Theory Leadership was deemed as a process of a leader to impart unique ideas to other people through his or her individual managing strategy. Popper and Zakkai (1994:3) believed that â€Å"the essence of leadership is to make people do what you want them to with as much will, determination and enthusiasm as if they had decided for themselves.† From the past several years research, leadership literature mainly focuses on: which types of leadership theory is close and more appropriate for present leader to exert their leadership function. Lewin et al (1939) implied that the subordinates performance decides which kind of flavor of leadership theory fits this organization; furthermore, different kinds of training programmes related with leadership have emerged. Notably in the current situation, outward bound development plan is the most popular approach was adopted in most organizations. The rest of this report will review some major theories of leadership and the purpose is to analyses of the real case in the last part then to propose some recommendations for improvement. l Trait Theory Leadership traits theory is the original theory and it concentrate on the leaders characteristics. Cartwright and Zander (1968) stated that an effective leader should possess the following certain qualities: intelligence, reliability, sense of responsibility, greater energy and social activity. Regarding these qualities; it is easy to find that most of them require the leader to keep on cultivating himself in the future not are inborn. The ‘Personality Era of ‘Great Man theories were proposed by Van Sters and Field (1990:29) who said that â€Å"effective leaders at one time were believed to show common characteristics that cause them to behave in certain ways.† However, this theory was challenged in the 2000 World Economic Forum report. The report indicated that many successful companies always change their Chief Executive Officer (CEO) to ensure that their business prospers. Whereas most CEOs succeed in their first organization, they often fail when enter for a ne w organization. This point demonstrates that in fact the leaders have not acquired all the leadership traits and that is little connection between CEO style and organizational performance. Also the trait theory was not to judge the leadership situation. l Situational Leadership and Contingency Theory Situational theory is more focused on the situation and the group of followers. This way is more practical and good for the leader to acknowledge their followers and situations. This approach does not consider the whole organization or the current requirements of the individual leaders group. Contingency theory of leadership mainly analyses three factors between leaders and followers. The first one is Fiedler (1968), who proposed the extending definition of the followers and of the work structure of the subordinate. The second one is how the leader uses his or her authority and depends on his or her subordinates. The third one is the existing relationship between the leader and followers. The leaders charisma attracts the followers and the followers reverence for the leader. l Leadership Style Theories Leadership style theories are concerned with the leaders behaviour and do not pay attention to the individual characteristics of the leader. Through these theories, some researchers discovered that the manager who considers the employee as the centre may gain more results and effects than the manager who focuses on tasks. This point is evaluated by the leaders performance value. If the leader views the situation from the perspective of a boss, he or she priorities the tasks above the employees. However, if he takes the employees view into consideration, he or she values both the task and the employee. So the later approach is more encompassing. Of course, as a leader, pay more attentions on the employee behaviour can bring his or her work more benefits than only concern with the task as a centre. l Transactional Leadership This kind of leadership turns out to be more popular in most organizations. Popper and Zakkai (1994:6) accepted that â€Å"transactional leadership contains a basic mechanism of exchange relations which becomes possible when there is no outstanding sense of impending threat or anxiety†. Transactional leaders shall use management-by-exception, actively or with contingent rewards (Gill, 1997). Generally, the management-by-exception includes making objectives and regulations, taking charge of the progress and discovering mistakes and then enhancing the effectiveness of leadership. However, transactional leadership ignores the employees desires and motivation; it focuses on how to achieve the goal through the followers. Many empirical examples prove that transactional leadership might cause performance that meets expectations (Gill, 2003). l Transformational Leadership This pattern of leadership is a good approach in order to stimulate the followers and subordinates interested in accomplishing the goal and enhance their self-development. Alderder (1972) agreed that transformational leadership should pay more attention to the leaders developmental requirement. Furthermore, Bass (1991) revealed that there exist the following four aspects of transformational leadership behaviours. Individualised consideration Intellectual stimulation Inspirational motivation Idealised influence (charm) Analysis of a Practical Sports Organisation Example During a period as a sports trainee in Beijing, an example of a process of leadership change was witnessed by the author. This fitness club was set up in 2003 and it was been open for 5 years. In the early period, the former fitness club managers original plan was run a small business and serve whiter collar workers and students around the university. Hence, his focus point is how to attract more customers and increase sale volume rather than make an integrated management system for his subordinates to enhance the whole level of this fitness club service. He is a typical laissez-faire leader in the hearts of his employee. Popper and Zakkai (1994:3) claimed that â€Å"an effective leader, according to the criteria of this approach, is a sensitive psychological diagnostician who accurately discerns subordinates needs and expectations and responds to them accordingly.† In addition, his behaviour assesses the various theories. When the employee proposes their suggestions or questions during each weekly meeting, the leader always says these opinions were correct but never realizes it. In terms of this point, several senior level coaches began to leave whilst some old cus tomers also followed by their coach left this club. These results led to the club faceing bankrupt and merger by other large fitness corporation. In 2005, this fitness club was taken over by the Bally Total Fitness Corporation. As the new leader was transferred to this club, he brought a totally new management system. He used transformational leadership theory, through exploiting subordinates intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation to improve employee vision. Transformational leadership is more important when the company faces uncertain markets. A new recombination has to be innovated to remain in the competitive environment (Gill, 1997). First of all, he reformulated the current staff while reducing the number of staff. Second, he advised each coach to take ACE (America Certificate Exercise) certificate to make use of their personal time. Third, he added some new reward regulations, such as providing a free nutritional breakfast for early morning shift employees. Furthermore, the company will organize one outside sports event consisting of employees and their family members to join in each year on anniversary da y. Apart from these, to keep more regular customers and attract more potential customers, he adopted some kinds of exercise classes especially arranged different coaches for different ages. Another side is, he is a patient person who can listen to each employees suggestions about the club development and communicate with his employees frequently. For instance, one employee proposed that the club could publish their own health tips each month focus on their current membership. After one month, this was realized and clubs first month health tip flyer was put up in the club information bar. The theory of motivation, Horner (1997) stated that the degree of satisfaction of employees could be thought of as motivators; only one motivation the employee could achieve the goal. Others motivation theories were concerned with what behaviour the leader needs to influence their subordinates. Apart from that, Alderfer (1969:142) proposed that â€Å"there may be only three needs: existence needs, relatedness needs and growth needs in a hierarchy of concreteness, and people may be motivated by multiple needs at any one time.† Since this new manager uses a logical leadership management method, it results in revenue fitness club turn flourishing and the scale began to extend. Of course, the marketing share also rank at the top compared with other competitors. However, the most essential reason is the new manager used a correct leadership theory and rationally applied the realization. Conclusion To sum up the role of leadership in a sport and leisure organizations, the leaders behaviour could influence each subordinates psychology, the leaders management method decides the companys development trend to success or failure. Through the authors experience of two leaders behaviour in a real sport and leisure organization, how to create more motivations for their employees, how to encourage their employees are more important and practical than only depend on some formal traditional leadership theories. The significant value for the leader is to let the subordinate follow your path of company development. Consequently, discovering more new management techniques from experience are the most effective ways to manage modern organizations. Reference: Alderfer,C.P. (1972). Existence, Relatedness and Growth, Human Needs in Organizational Settings, New York, The Free Press. Cartwright,D.C. and Zander, A., (1968). Group Dynamics. The 3rd edition., London, Tavistock. Chadwick, S and Beech, J. (2004). The Business of Sport Management. Harlow, Prentice Hall. Fiedler, F.E., (1968). Group Dynamics. 3rd edition., London, Tavistock. Parry, K. (1996). Transformational Leadership. Melbourne, Pitman Publishing. Taylor et al. (2008). Managing people in sport organizations: A strategic human resource management perspective. Oxford, Butter worth- Heinemann. Wunderer, R. and Grunwald, W. (1980). Fuhrungslehre: Grundlagen der Fuhrung. Berlin, Walter de Gruyter. Alderfer, C.P. (1969). A new theory of human needs. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4, 142-175. D.A. Van Sters and R.H.G.Field (1990). The evoluation of leadership theory. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 3(3), 29-45. Grill, R. (1997). New Directions in Leadership. Leadership Trust Foundation, 16 March, 1994. Grill, R. (2003). Towards a General Theory of Leadership. Leadership Trust, 31 January, 2003. Horner, M. (1997). Leadership theory: past, present and future. Team Performance Management, 3(4), 270-287. Lewin, K et al. (1939). Patterns of aggressive behaviour in experimentally created social climates. Journal of Social Psychology, 10, 271-301. Popper, M. and Zakkai, E. (1994). Transactional, Charismatic and Transformational Leadership: Conditions Conducive to their Predominance. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 15 (6), 3-7. Poter, M.E. (1979). How competitive forces shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, 57(2), 137-145. Strange, J.M. and Mumford, M.D. (2002). The origin of vision: charismatic versus ideological leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 13, 343-77. Wright, P.M. and McMahon, G.C. (1992). Theoretical perspective for strategic human resource management. Journal of Management, 18 (2), 295-320. Heathfield, S.M. (2010). [online]. Last accessed 23 March 2010 at: http://human resources.about.com/od/glossary/f/hr_management.htm.

Essay --

Racial profiling has become a significant and controversial issue across the nation nowadays. In general, racial profiling is defined as discriminatory behaviors of law enforcement officers that target people for suspicion in breaking the law solely based on their race or ethnicity in the belief that certain minority groups have a higher chance to engage in unlawful behavior. It is often discussed in the context of traffic stops by local or state police officials. African Americans are the number one targets and victims of this law enforcement strategy. Racial profiling is not only wrong, unfair and discriminatory, but also a form of racism and a violation of the rights of African Americans, therefore law enforcement strategy needs to come to an end. The most frequent use of racial profiling is in traffic stops, it deals with situations when minorities were stopped, interrogated or searched because of their race or ethnicity. Individual law enforcement agent who profile suspects solely on the basis of race or ethnicity violates the rights of those minorities. When race and ethnicity become factors in suspicious behavior, the civil rights of racial and ethnic minorities as a group are violated. Many members of minority groups across the nation have been claiming that police often use traffic violations as a pretext to stop a vehicle to investigate other possible crimes, such as drug and/or weapons violations, particularly African Americans, have long complained that the police, especially in suburban areas, stop them. For example, one of the scholarly articles on this issue states: â€Å"The stopping of black drivers, just to see what officers can find, has become so common in some places that this practice has its own name: Afr ican A... ...t apparent issues with racial profiling is that it violates the Constitution. According to the Fourth Amendment, American citizens are supposed to be protected from unreasonable searches and seizures (Feder, 2). Thus, most cases of racial profiling are violating this Constitution because the race of a person is not a reasonable justification to search someone. In addition, the Fourteenth Amendment states "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." which suggests that all citizens are to be equally treated under the law. If this was the case, then everyone should have been treated equally, however, the fact is that African Americans are more likely to be searched by police and less likely to be treated as law-abiding citizens while white people are being treated the opposite way. This is conflicting the concept of equal protection.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Welcome students, parents and faculty. Well, this Senior Breakfast brings us one step closer to the event we've been anxiously awaiting. We've worked long and hard to get to this point. And yet, it seems like so little time has passed since we were middle schoolers, excited to move on with our lives and enter high school. Do you remember how we were in middle school, even as freshmen? Remember what we thought of, what we wanted to get out of life, what we thought high school would be like? Now, think how we've changed. Our perception of what high school was going to be like was definitely a little fantasized. It wasn't really what we expected, though I don't think many of us were disappointed. After everything, our attitudes are a little different -- our minds maybe even a little broader. We have experienced a great deal during our high school years, thanks to the opportunities Brinkman made available to us. The French classes can go on a field trip to a play in Seattle; the band can represent the school at statewide marching competitions, complete with original music and a cou...

Class Distinctions and Internal Struggle in the Works of James Joyce Es

Class Distinctions and Internal Struggle in the Works of James Joyce      Ã‚  Ã‚   In the early twentieth century, Ireland, and more specifically Dublin, was a place defined by class distinctions. There were the wealthy, worldly upper-class who owned large, stately townhouses in the luxurious neighborhoods and the less fortunate, uneducated poor who lived in any shack they could afford in the middle of the city. For the most part, the affluent class was Protestant, while the struggling workers were overwhelmingly Catholic. These distinctions were the result of nearly a century of disparity in income, education, language, and occupation, and in turn were the fundamental bases for the internal struggle that many of Joyce's characters feel. Torn between the life they lead and the one they dream of, these people are reflections of the harsh setting in which Joyce himself spent his life. Although Joyce never explicitly explains why his main characters in "A Little Cloud," "Eveline," "Counterparts," and "The Boarding House" are so deprived, it is clear that they are at an unfair disadvantage in some way. He uses them to spotlight and protest the hardships that so many people of Dublin were forced to endure simply because of their religion and its effects on the other aspects of their lives.    The Irish-Catholics of Dublin in this era were overwhelmingly poverty-stricken, especially when compared to the English people who controlled the government and businesses. In fact, in 1914, the same year that Dubliners was first published, "74,000 people in Dublin lived in one-room tenements, and about 56,000 more in two-room tenements; and this 130,000 people represented 42 per cent of Dublin's citizens" (Cahalan 178). Even a noted employe... ...Handbook. Ed. James R. Baker and Thomas F. Staley. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1969. 120-24. Joyce, James. "The Boarding House." The Bedford Introduction to Literature. 332-37. ---. "Counterparts." Dubliners. New York: Viking Press, 1968. 86-98. ---. "Eveline." The Bedford Introduction to Literature. 329-31 ---. "A Little Cloud." The Bedford Introduction to Literature. 337-45. Ledden, Patrick J. "Education and Social Class in Joyce's Dublin." Journal of Modern Literature 22.2 (1998): 329-36. Ryan, Ellen Bouchard, Howard Giles, and Richard J. Sebastian. Attitudes Toward Language Variation: Social and Applied Contexts. London: Edward Arnold, 1982. Torchiana, Donald T. Backgrounds for Joyce's Dubliners. Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1986. Walzl, Florence L. "Patterns of Paralysis in Joyce's Dubliners." College English XXII. (1961): 226.

How can ICT Help Special Needs Children Integrate Themselves in Society?

How can ICT Help Special Needs Children Integrate Themselves in Society? â€Å"We are seen as ‘abnormal' because we are different, we are problem people, lacking the equipment for social integration.† (Brisenden, 1986) Not so long ago, society was to blame for secluding and cutting off special needs people, from complete partaking in society and as a result, these impaired people ended up demoralized and feeling inferior to others. Today we know that special needs people, try their best to learn to communicate with the rest of society. The problem is not whether they succeed or not, the problem is; Are we, as part of society, doing enough effort to help them in their lifetime struggle? The International Society for Technology Education (ISTE) has recently initiated learning environments which integrates Computer Technology and Good teaching in order to increase the motivation and self-esteem of special needs students. Researchers following closely the program have stated that Computer technology enhances these children's ability to solve problems and make decisions, they build a positive self-image, they are excited about learning and thus they become better citizens. One major reason for using ICT was to reduce the large rate of dropouts. Researchers have concluded that Children with Literacy Problems (mostly dyslexics), often lack behind the rest of their class, give up on learning and end-up as school dropouts, feeling unable to fit in a society. ISTE has created a learning program called Video Disk Spaced System. This proved to be highly successful as it was not only a support for these children, in order to keep up with the rest of the class but it also managed to promote that positive self-image concept. Computer technology motivated these kids and they in turn appreciated the potential of ICT in a learning environment. Results have shown that ICT did help these special needs children as the dropout rate decreased to three times lower than the natural average. ICT can also help physically impaired children by fulfilling their dreams. In example Sharita a physically disabled child dreams to become a writer but unfortunately she cannot move her fingers. Computer technology has helped her fulfil her dream by devising a long extended stick in the form or a finger with which she can press the letters on a computer keyboard. Another concrete example regarded Megan who is unable to speak and write because she has Cerebral Palsy, however through ICT she was awarded as the Top English Student in her class. A Light Talker was devised, which is basically a matrix of letters and phrases. Through the use of a head switch (because Megan can only control the movement of her head), she can stop vertical movements of light at the desired row and stop the horizontal movement of light at the desired letter or phrase. Through ICT Megan is thus able to communicate with tremendous effort. However one has to keep in mind that without this device Megan can neither develop her intellectual potential, nor can she express herself as a part of society. Through the examples discussed above one can realise that by Integrating Computer Technology with learning, these special needs children are becoming more eager to learn, they are being provided with new ways to manipulate their environment in order to communicate better with the rest of society, barriers are being blown away and a variety of new worlds opened up, all by the use of Computer Technology. Apart from all this, ICT has provided them with what any individual wants that is their independence. Illegal Copying of Intellectual Property Alert!! You may be Unaware of Committing Computer Crimes†¦ * What is Illegal Copying? A widely used term which means the same as illegal copying is Copyright Theft or Copyright Infringement. Copyright theft occurs when making use of protected work such as: software programs; another writer's text; movies; sounds; and images, without actually paying the required fee for authorisation. * Illegal Copying and the Use of Computers: The use of Computers has made the act of copying far easier and handier than in the past. Burton (1996) argued that the Internet is one big copying machine that is basically ridiculing copyright laws. * What is considered as Copyright Violation? Software Piracy – Software copying such as copying a program from one diskette to another. Network Piracy – Distributing unauthorised copyright materials in digitized form ex: record companies have protested against sending unauthorized copies of digital recordings over the internet. Plagiarism – Illegal Copying of Academic Property: such as another writer's text, journals etc. Interpreting and presenting them as one's own. Ownership of media – Altering images, movies and sounds. * Plagiarism: Illegal Copying of Academic Property: You as a student may think it is harmless making one copy of an Academic Software program while the teacher is looking away, but you need to keep in mind that if all students should think the same as you think, then one single act of software piracy, will be then multiplied thousands of times. In addition to this if you are caught copying illegally Scholar property, you may end up sued by the school itself. Interpreting other writers' texts (found while researching for assignments) and presenting them as your own is also considered as a criminal offence and one can end up permanently suspended from school. * The Results of Getting Caught : If you are caught using pirated academic software, you could: Face civil fines (which you don't afford and your parents may want to kill you) Endure humiliating publicity End up with a criminal record (which affects you future) * A Word of Advice: It is not ethical to illegally copy any intellectual property nor is it worth risk taking because there is a high percentage of getting a computer virus and worse the risk of getting caught!

Case of Speluncean Explorers Essay

After reading the opinions of various judges in the case of The Speluncean Explorers, I found the arguments of Justice Foster well justified. Hence, I agree with him the most. He believes that the four explorers are innocent of any crime and rests his conclusion on two grounds. Firstly, Justice Foster takes the view that positive law cannot be applied to the case. Instead, he states that law of nature should govern the case. Men’s co existence in a society is essential for the application of positive law. I agree with him because in this situation where the co existence of the men is not possible without the taking of life, positive law is not applicable. He believes â€Å"maxim cessante ratione legis, cessat et ipsa lex† which means when the reason for law ceases, the law itself ceases, should be applied to thiscase.I agree with him that the men were not guilty of crime because Roger Whetmore’s life was ended in a â€Å"state of nature† and not in a â€Å"state of civil society†. This is a case where natural law supersedes positive law. He also raised a point regarding the jurisdiction that the state had over these explorers at the time of the murder given that they were miles below the territorial jurisdiction.Also, what the men did was according to the agreement accepted by all of them.I agree with Justice Foster’s question that when the state can sacrifice the lives of ten workers trying to rescue the five explorers in the cave , then why isn’t it justified that one life be sacrificed to save the lives of four. Secondly, he emphasizes and talks about the relevance of the golden rule. The case had been decided without violating the statute â€Å"he who shall willfully take the life of another is a murderer†. However, literal rule cannot always be applied. Justice Foster illustrates cases such as Commonwealth v.Staymore and Fehler v. Neegas to support his argument that applying golden rule often gives a more just result. He raises a point that the above-mentioned statute has never been applied literally by giving an example of the exception of self-defense. I agree with him that statutes must be read between the lines to close the loopholes and give a fair judgment. Also, there was no malicious intention in committing the murder and it was solely for the purpose of survival. An important point to be noticed is the lack of intention to murder and the role of survival. According to Aristotle and Plato’s discourse on law, I also think that the end can justify the means and so to save many people, one man was killed. Therefore, I agree with Justice Foster that the four men are innocent of the crime of murdering Roger Whetmore.

Std Pubic Lice

[pic] SHEPHERD CENTER 2020 PEACHTREE ROAD, N. W. ATLANTA, GA 30309 Resources & Grants dedicated to Spinal Cord Injury Survivors The Bryon Riesch Foundation The Bryon Riesch Paralysis Foundation's goal is to find a cure for paralysis through funding the latest in medical research and to provide assistance to those that suffer from neurological disorders. www. brpf. org P. O. Box 1388 Waukesha, WI   53187-1388 Phone:   (262) 547-2083 [email  protected] org Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation 636 Morris Turnpike Suite 3A Short Hills, NJ   07078 [email  protected] org www. christopherreeve. org Tel: 973-379-2690 800-225 Clearinghouse on Disability Information Special Education & Rehabilitative Services Communications & Customer Service Team 550 12th Street, SW, Rm. 5133 Washington, DC    20202-2550 http://www. ed. gov/about/offices/list/osers Tel: 202-245-7307 202-205-5637 (TTD) Fax: 292024507636 The Dream Society The Dream Society was created to assist people with moderate to severe physical challenges such as paraplegia, and quadriplegia. We will consider all cases on a case by case basis to make any final decisions. www. thedreamsociety. org 2659 E. Gulf to Lake Hwy. PMB #108 Inverness, FL 34453 Phone (352) 400-4967 [email  protected] org FODAC: Friends of Disabled Adults & Children & Ramps for Champs FODAC provides over $8 million each year in equipment and services to the community at little or no cost to the recipients. FODAC's Ramps for Champs programs builds home ramps and makes other modifications. FODAC currently has special funding for certain recipients based on location and income. (Atlanta area only) 866-977-1204 www. fodac. org Georgia Brain and Spinal Injury Commission Georgians with traumatic brain and spinal injuries deserve lives of independence and inclusion, lives rich with vision and possibilities. Trust Fund awards assist individuals with injuries in reaching these goals. 888-233-5760 [email  protected] state. ga. us www. ciclt. net G. O. A. L. S: Go Out and Live Successfully The primary focus of G. O. A. L. S. , Inc. is to help individuals with spinal cord injuriesun4earth : achieve greater mobility and independence, better access their environment, and continue an active, productive life. www. goalsinc. net Go Out and Live Successfully, Inc. PO Box 7106 Albany, New York 12224 (561) 212-6499 Joni &Friends International Disability Center Joni and Friends is a Christian organization for people who are affected by disability, whether it is the disabled person, a family member, or friend. Our objective is to meet the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of this group of people in practical ways. 818-707-5664 www. joniandfriends. org The Kevin Kitchnefsky Foundation  for Spinal Cord Research If you or a loved one has suffered a spinal cord injury and need financial assistance, you should know that 30% of the money we raise is passed on to deserving individuals and organizations. You, or someone you know, could be eligible for a K Grant. www. helpkevinwalk. rg [email  protected] net 109 German Hill Road Tunkhannock, PA 18657 Phone (570) 836-1240 Fax (570) 836-4584 Miami Project to Cure Paralysis/ Buoniconti Fund P. O. Box 016960 R-48 Miami, FL    33101-6960 [email  protected] med. miami. edu www. themiamiproject. org Tel: 305-243-6001 800-STANDUP (782-6387) Fax: 305-243-6017 National Institute on Disability an d Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) U. S. Department of Education Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services 400 Maryland Ave. , S. W. Washington, DC    20202-7100 www. ed. gov/about/offices/list/osers/nidrr Tel: 202-245-7460 202-245-7316 (TTY) National Rehabilitation Information Center (NARIC) 4200 Forbes Boulevard Suite 202 Lanham, MD    20706-4829 [email  protected] com www. naric. com Tel: 301-459-5900/301-459-5984 (TTY) 800-346-2742 Fax: 301-562-2401 National Spinal Cord Injury Association Founded in 1948, the National Spinal Cord Injury Association is the nation's oldest and largest civilian organization dedicated to improving the quality of life for hundreds of thousands of Americans living with the results of spinal cord injury and disease (SCI/D) and their families. www. spinalcord. org 800-962-9629 National Transplant Assistance Fund & Catastrophic Injury Program The mission of NTAF  is to help transplant and catastrophic injury patients afford critical but uninsured medically related expenses through fundraising guidance, patient support and resources, as well as financial assistance. www. catastrophicfund. org 150 Radnor Chester Road Suite F-120 Radnor, PA 19087 800-642-8399 Paralyzed Veterans of America (PVA) 801 18th Street, NW Washington, DC    20006-3517 [email  protected] org http://www. pva. org Tel: 202-USA-1300 (872-1300) 800-424-8200 Fax: 202-785-4452 Spinal Cord Society 19051 County Highway 1 Fergus Falls, MN    56537 http://members. aol. com/scsweb Tel: 218-739-5252 or 218-739-5261 Fax: 218-739-5262 The Travis Roy Foundation The Travis Roy Foundation Established in 1997 to help spinal cord injury survivors and to fund research into a cure. www. travisroyfoundation. org Brenda Taylor Travis Roy Foundation 60 State Street, 8th Floor Boston, MA 02109 (617) 619-8257 (617) 227-0781 WYNGS Foundation Project Support for Spinal Cord Injury WYNGS is dedicated to addressing the immediate needs of people with spinal cord injury, providing emotional support, information and resources to ease financial burdens. 7900 Nelson Road Panorama City, CA  Ã‚   91402 Phone: (818) 267-3031 Fax (818) 267-3095 [email  protected] com www. wyngs. org

Alcohol and Tobacco

Alcohol and tobacco use is becoming more common every day in our society. The media is continuously advertising tobacco companies and different brands of alcohol, while the government is continuously sending warning messages about the harm that alcohol and tobacco can cause. Tobacco can forever damage you’re your internal organs, while alcohol can cause major damage to your body as well as the people surrounding you. Although the public knows about the negative effects of these products, people still continue to use the substances without thinking twice.These products are legal if you are of age, so people will continue to experiment with alcohol and tobacco. On the other hand, drugs are not legal and are not advertised all over the media because they are prohibited in our society. If drugs were legal, experimentation and usage of these dangerous and deadly drugs would skyrocket. The usage of alcohol and tobacco is legal, but the usage of drugs should be prohibited in the Unit ed States. A theory is that if a person tries one drug such as marijuana, there is a high likelihood that that person will eventually try a harder drug such as cocaine.This is a very scary thought. If drugs were legal, many more individuals would be trying them. The media would be advertising cocaine like it was voldka. There is a large difference between these two products. People would feel like it was okay to experiment with the drug because its usage was legal. This could be harmful, because everyone can have a different effect to each drug. Drugs such as cocaine and heroin are highly addictive and dangerous. They not only cause damage to the person using but also to surrounding people.I am not trying to undersize alcohol and the damage it can cause, but at least there are laws against driving while intoxicated so that you can prevent yourself from harming another individual. Tobacco use affects your body in the long run, but other than second hand smoke, it does not directly pu t others in danger. Certain drugs can make a person spiral out of control and make them do certain things that they would never do if they were clean. A counter viewpoint is that drugs should be legalized because it is a person choice to use or consume whatever they wish.Advocates of legalizing drugs say that people will use drugs if they have the desire to whether it is legal or illegal. They mention that what is the difference between tobacco and alcohol versus drugs. Alcohol can be just as damaging to other people as drugs can be sometimes. The United States is a free country where we can speak how we feel and do how we feel and no one can tell us how to live our life. They say that if people want to use alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs, they should have the freedom to do so. Both sides make valid points, but I definitely feel that drug usage would contaminate our society even more. Alcohol and Tobacco Alcohol and tobacco use is becoming more common every day in our society. The media is continuously advertising tobacco companies and different brands of alcohol, while the government is continuously sending warning messages about the harm that alcohol and tobacco can cause. Tobacco can forever damage you’re your internal organs, while alcohol can cause major damage to your body as well as the people surrounding you. Although the public knows about the negative effects of these products, people still continue to use the substances without thinking twice.These products are legal if you are of age, so people will continue to experiment with alcohol and tobacco. On the other hand, drugs are not legal and are not advertised all over the media because they are prohibited in our society. If drugs were legal, experimentation and usage of these dangerous and deadly drugs would skyrocket. The usage of alcohol and tobacco is legal, but the usage of drugs should be prohibited in the Unit ed States. A theory is that if a person tries one drug such as marijuana, there is a high likelihood that that person will eventually try a harder drug such as cocaine.This is a very scary thought. If drugs were legal, many more individuals would be trying them. The media would be advertising cocaine like it was voldka. There is a large difference between these two products. People would feel like it was okay to experiment with the drug because its usage was legal. This could be harmful, because everyone can have a different effect to each drug. Drugs such as cocaine and heroin are highly addictive and dangerous. They not only cause damage to the person using but also to surrounding people.I am not trying to undersize alcohol and the damage it can cause, but at least there are laws against driving while intoxicated so that you can prevent yourself from harming another individual. Tobacco use affects your body in the long run, but other than second hand smoke, it does not directly pu t others in danger. Certain drugs can make a person spiral out of control and make them do certain things that they would never do if they were clean. A counter viewpoint is that drugs should be legalized because it is a person choice to use or consume whatever they wish.Advocates of legalizing drugs say that people will use drugs if they have the desire to whether it is legal or illegal. They mention that what is the difference between tobacco and alcohol versus drugs. Alcohol can be just as damaging to other people as drugs can be sometimes. The United States is a free country where we can speak how we feel and do how we feel and no one can tell us how to live our life. They say that if people want to use alcohol, tobacco and illegal drugs, they should have the freedom to do so. Both sides make valid points, but I definitely feel that drug usage would contaminate our society even more.

Film Analysis Trainspotting Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Film Analysis Trainspotting - Term Paper Example Trainspotting takes us through the lives of a group of Scottish drug addicts, who differ on many aspects but are bound together by their addiction. The movie starts with a statement made by the main protagonist about choosing to own or do things that are socially constructed as normal or ordinary. Renton states: Choose life. Choose a job. Choose a career. Choose a family. Choose a fucking big television†¦But why would I want to do a thing like that? The last line was a clear expression of disdain towards the social convention, a conscious choice to disconnect from things that are owned and utilized by the mainstream society. Mark’s suggestion to take a trip to the â€Å"outdoors† was a methaphor towards making an attempt to blend and be a part of the ‘normal’ society. However, Mark’s refusal to conform to social norms disqualifies him to lead the group in their quest to give conventions a try. He lacked the spirit and the willingness to blend in. Renton finally decides to quit drugs and is forced to face the beautiful outdoors. The withdrawal forces Renton to reexamine the different facets of the society he is trying to be a part. This reexamination, as in all the observations he males on different subjects, he makes an observation with a wide perspective. He stated: I hate being Scottish. We’re the lowest of the fucking low, the scum of the earth, the most wretched, servile, miserable, pathetic trash that was ever shat into civilization. Some people hate the English, but I don’t. They’re just wankers. ... Renton states: Choose life. Choose a job. Choose a career. Choose a family. Choose a fucking big television†¦But why would I want to do a thing like that? The last line was a clear expression of disdain towards the social convention, a conscious choice to disconnect from things that are owned and utilized by the mainstream society. Mark’s suggestion to take a trip to the â€Å"outdoors† was a methaphor towards making an attempt to blend and be a part of the ‘normal’ society. However, Mark’s refusal to conform to social norms disqualifies him to lead the group in their quest to give conventions a try. He lacked the spirit and the willingness to blend in. Feeling like an Outcast Just as When He is Trying to Blend In Renton finally decides to quit drugs and is forced to face the beautiful outdoors. The withdrawal forces Renton to reexamine the different facets of the society he is trying to be a part. This reexamination, as in all the observations he males on different subjects, he makes an observation with a wide perspective. He stated: I hate being Scottish. We’re the lowest of the fucking low, the scum of the earth, the most wretched, servile, miserable, pathetic trash that was ever shat into civilization. Some people hate the English, but I don’t. They’re just wankers. We, on the other hand, are colonized by wankers. We can’t even pick a decent culture to be colonized by. We are ruled by effete arseholes. It’s a shite state of affairs and all the fresh air in the world will not make any fucking difference. Renton feels that his race naturally makes him inferior. However, in order to understand this statement, it is important to delve into Scotland’s history past and its

'The Woman in White' by Wilkie Collins and 'In a Glass Darkly' by Essay

'The Woman in White' by Wilkie Collins and 'In a Glass Darkly' by Sheridan LeFanu - Essay Example The uncertainty of what might happen, the inability to understand his 'reality', fear of the unknown and lack of control in the situation, will serve to drive the onlooker from engaging too closely with this individual. Several other responses can and do occur; pity, disgust, incredulity, horror and mistrust, and even a thrill of adrenalin rush from fear. As Byrne commented on the stigma of mental illness, "Negative attitudes to people with mental illness start at playschool and endure into early adulthood.(Byrne 2000) Thus the 'mad' person is dangerous and their credibility dubious; these are the elements which serve to complicate our the response to the works under discussion. When, as in the 'sensation' novel, the madness is encountered as part of normal, everyday experiences, the fear is enhanced. Though less well-informed on psychological matters, after all, it was a new science, the Victorians embraced the ideas of spiritualism and other-worldly phenomena. Seances, mediums, ghost-sightings, theatrical demonstrations, were part of life. Although Dickens' 'Our Mutual Friend' is not strictly of the genre, exploring a wider view of society, the scene created in the Boffin 2. household strikes fear into the mind of anyone interested in the spiritual. Mrs. Boffin is terrified, and says oddy, the faces of the old man and the two children are all over the house tonight. (She is seeing the dead). Dickens' portrayal of her husband's response creates that fearful sensation for the reader: y dearexclaimed Mr. Boffin. But not without a certain uncomfortable sensation gliding down his back.(Dickens, 1865, p. 190) The dead and the living come together throughout the book. Adam Hart Davis considers that; o some extent, the advance of science was undermining religionand n 1882 a group of academics [...] formed the Society for Psychical Research[...] this still today investigates paranormal phenomena.(Hart Davis, 2001, p. 70). The 'sensation' novels achieved their popularity by touching on matters which aroused not only feelings, but had wider religious and scientific contexts within that society. The quality of writing, the power of the narratives and the ability to create tensions, leaving readers 'on the edge of their seats', are also hugely important elements. That they combined the realities of Victorian society and family life with this 'otherness', added to the fright, and enhanced the popularity. Wilkie Collins' 'The Woman in White (1860) first published as a serial, engages the reader immediately, bringing those sensations to bear at once. From the outset, there is a hint of things being 'askew', when Hartwright meets the strange, potentially mad, Anne Catherick. The mingling of the mundane world with the shocking and uncanny, heightens the fearfulness of the experiences. Their later meeting, in the churchyard at Limmeridge, when Walter mentions who put Anne in the asylum, chills the blood, as indeed, the author intended. er

Implement a Web-Catering Order System with Cater Trax Research Paper

Implement a Web-Catering Order System with Cater Trax - Research Paper Example Reasons for cater trax implementation in the department In the catering department at Texas Children’s Hospital, there have been increased demands from our clients. The department has to deal with about three hundred orders daily and even an increased number during the weekends. Meeting the clients’ demands has become a great challenge, due to the increased numbers. Research shows that a number of institutions have overcome this challenge of overbooking with the help of cater trax (Cupps, 1997). This is because cater trax is remarkably helpful in managing high volume orders and hospitality businesses. A number of institutions have employed this system and attained great success out of it. Advantages of using Cater trax over its competitors Cater trax is a web-based software made up of powerful tools built directly within the system. For this reason, it is vital that customers undergo one hour and thirty minutes of training before they are able to use the system. This tr aining is only available for cater trax company customers making the system extremely user friendly. It is essential to note that there are other industry competitors to cater trax (Dickinson, 2011). However, cater trax proves to be the best choice because of its advantages. For example, they offer twenty-four hour customer service whereby users can contact a support team for any questions. Unlike its competitors, it provides two software packages offered at the same time. At one end, customers are able to place their orders in ordering accounts, get their confirmation via their emails and repeat the process if necessary. Consequently, the catering department can run its business smoothly by editing invoices, keeping catering calendars, and receiving reports (Kotler & Bowen, 2006). As a result, the system maintains all food services in an organized manner as well as making it a profitable venture. Other advantages associated with the use of this online catering management software a re that it does not require Information technology management, servers, or special equipment and the ordering prices are fair. The prices for all meals vary from three dollars to seventeen dollars per head depending on the meal. All that is needed to make an order is an internet connection. Upon its installation, it can provide up to the minute reports on all the departments proceedings. Steps to implementing cater trax Since this program simplifies a lot of work, one may think it is difficult to implement. However, it is essential to note that only six simple steps are required to get cater trax implemented. The steps include being registered, gathering information from clients, an integration interview, site construction, training and lastly the site is launched (Welloh, 2011). Upon completion, clients can make orders online. These six processes can be implemented within a very short period of six weeks within which certain milestones are met. Relationship between cater trax and i ts customers Many cater trax users have complete trust on the system because of their continual use. This is because cater trax employees work tirelessly to ensure high levels of security, availability of information and reliability to the users. Success is paramount at cater trax, so all food service providers receive similar attention regardless of the services they offer. On placing orders, customers are ab

Ethics in sport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics in sport - Essay Example The political tensions amongst different nations and the problems that arise from the money making exercise in the wake of the advertising rights and so on have only brought unethical attention towards the sporting arenas. The players barring their respective performances have gone behind whereas their off-field activities have come to the fore. Now a player is judged with regards to his/her marketing value rather than the antics that he/she displays on the field. A few glaring examples of such players include Harbhajan Singh, Andrew Symonds, Shoaib Akhtar, Mohammad Asif in Cricket; Zinedine Zidane and Christiano Ronaldo in Soccer, Michael Schumacher in Formula 1 Racing, Sania Mirza and Anna Kournikova in Tennis and so on. Apart from these issues, one subject that has raised a lot of media flak in recent years has been the racist angle that has made its way in the sporting arena and for all the wrong reasons. Racial discrimination has been happening in the stadia and fields by the fans, the players and just about everyone which has made the whole sporting agenda seem like a bizarre activity. Ethical considerations have gone beyond what sport teaches to one and all and unethical and immoral means have been taught to one and all, though in an indirect capacity. It looks like as if people have forgot what ethical considerations meant and stood for in the olden times when it was considered more appropriate to associate one’s own self with sport to mend ways. Now it is the exact opposite.

Inequality, Corruption and Distribution of Income in Indonesia (Post Term Paper

Inequality, Corruption and Distribution of Income in Indonesia (Post Independence) - Term Paper Example Islam has also played a significant role in the Indonesia’s identity and economic issues. The name of Islam has too often been used to promote an agenda as in the case of Indonesian politics bringing with it death, destruction and deception in order to establish an Islamic state with Sharia as the state law. It is uncertain if these agendas were sincerely to establish an Islamic state, or it is a propaganda tool used by governments to influence its people to respond in a certain way, or it is a bit of both. The Bali and Jakarta bombings are examples of death, destruction and deception where only time will reveal the truth. When the Japanese surrendered in 1945, young radical Muslims pressured Sukarno to declare Indonesia’s Independence, uniting Indonesian against the Dutch attempts of re-establishing a colony in Indonesia. The Ulama declared Jihad against the Dutch. Muslim militias under the command of the Ulama with the Dutch-Japanese trained Indonesian armed forces drove out the Dutch. However, this unity of people did not last long. (Scott, 2008) Muslim militias in the West of Java broke ranks with the government after the government accepted a ceasefire agreement with the Dutch to withdraw its forces to central Java. Kartosuwiryo, a Muslim Politian, continued to lead the breakaway group against the Dutch and eventually establishing their own government and state with the sharia as law. This group was later known as Darul Islam or the Islamic state of Indonesia. Darul Islam remained a thorn for the Indonesian government with many other rebel movements from other provinces like Aceh and South Sulawesi joining Darul Islam. There were many other Muslim leaders who although supported an Islamic state, were in favor of the Indonesian Republic and condemned the violence of Darul Islam (Bruinessen 2002). Darul Islam was finally crushed and went underground in 1962 after the capture of its leaders (Bruinessen 2002). It was later to surface

September 11th Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

September 11th - Essay Example This paper aims to examine the historic yet much-disputed event in a perspective that delves into the purported causes, outcomes, interpretations and analyses by various authorities leading to solve its mystery and to substantiate that it is, in fact, a purposeful act of terrorism. A Day of Terror It was just a typical busy day for Manhattan’s financial district until loud explosions roared and alarms reverberated all at once. The Twin Towers of the World Trade Center were burning, initial reports said. Succeeding news items revealed that it was a series of airplane crashes that hit the two building buildings due to hijacking operations. Few minutes passed when live broadcasts broke another story that another passenger airline crashed into The Pentagon, and a fourth one plunged into a field in Pennsylvania (a failed attempt to hit the White House of the Capitol); conclusions were drawn that the progression of incidents was actually a terrorist attack by suicide bombers. Author ities reported that there were no survivors from any of the flights and that almost 3, 000 people died due to the incident, including the 19 hijackers. The number accounted for 836 firefighters and police officers who showed up for rescue that doubled after a week. Additionally, it was noted that most of the casualties were American civilians and nationals from almost 100 countries (â€Å"In-depth: September,† 2007). Horrible and piteous scenes documented by videos and photographs of the incident could hardly describe the total magnitude of the catastrophic event during ‘nine eleven.’ The whole scope of damage did not only encompass the targeted structures which were deemed as symbols of American supremacy, it also included several buildings on the site that were destroyed or severely weakened such as related financial and business complexes, media outlets, government offices, a hotel, a church and pedestrian bridges. Furthermore, the attacks generated widespread disorder among news agencies, airline companies and airport facilities, security personnel, law enforcers and political leaders around the globe. For three days, all international civilian flights were prohibited to land on the U.S soil. Aircrafts already in flight were either turned down or rerouted to other airports in nearby countries. Such was the paranoia of the American government and the people during the time. Subsequently, the suspected attackers, of various nationalities, were identified. The Federal Bureau of Investigation determined the personal information of the passengers that boarded the planes and reckoned their identities and capabilities to carry out the despicable assault. It was found out that they formally attended American aviation schools, which qualified them to deliver the attack. On board American Airlines Flight 11 were Mohamed Atta, Satam al-Suqami, Waleed Alshehri, Wail Alshahri and Abdulaziz Alomari. Marwan Al-Shehhi, Ahmed Alghamdi, Hamza Alghamdi, M ohald Alshehri and Fayez Rashid were in United Airlines Flight 175. In American Airline Flight 77 were Khalid Almihdhar, Majed Moqed, Nawaf Alhamzi, Salem Alhamzi and Ani Hanjour. While, Saeed Alghamdi, Ahmed Alnami, Ziad Samir al-Jarrah and Ahmed al-Naznawi were able to pass airport scrutiny by behaving like ordinary passengers and boarded United Airlines F

World Literature Paper 2(B) - IB English HL Essay

World Literature Paper 2(B) - IB English HL - Essay Example The plot of the story revolves around the life stories of these two prisoners, Luis Molina, a homosexual, and Valentin Arregui, a political prisoner. Molina was guilty of some pedophilia, for having sex relations with a young boy. Valentin on the other hand was jailed and mercilessly tortured for supporting the Marxist movement. How each prisoner dealt with their fate in prison also varies in perspective. While Valentin was wary on how to change the world and win the cause their movement is fighting for, Molina found escape by narrating lines from an old favourite movie, Her Real Glory, which his prison mate identified as a Nazi Propaganda film. But Molina for her part was not mindful of the political color of the film; he fantasized on the emotional drama of the lovers in her story, mimicking selected acts of the lady lover. Not long after, a friendship bond develops between the prisoners accepting the fact that they only have each other to cling to, each the protector and helper of the other. They are trapped in prison cell where circumstances ease out the differences between their ideals and forge understanding, acceptance and emotional attachment. Later Molina got out of prison on parole while Valentin was left behind to be tortured. On the day Molina left the prison cell, he gave in to Valentin’s plea for him to call his comrades and deliver his message. The story ended with Molina’s death while carrying out favor for his prison mate, while Valentin was in the infirmary after being tortured to death. Then the prison mates joined in the surreal each still being wary of what had happened to each other. This assignment will explore the creative aspect of the plot particularly on how the Molina’s narration of the movie within the movie, the dialogues and voices affected the audience imagination. Such vivid description of the characters and acts

The Help Book Report Essay Example for Free

The Help Book Report Essay The Help, by Kathryn Stockett (2009) is a novel set in Jackson, Mississippi during the civil rights movements of the 1960s. It follows the lives of three women –one white, a recent college graduate, and two black maids. The book was a huge success and was turned into a major motion picture. However sadly like many overnight sensation novels The Help has an interesting storyline but is poorly executed. One problem I had with the writing of this novel was the contrasts she drew about the dialogues of the characters. In the book the author tells that one of the characters, Celia Foote, speaks incorrect English because of the poverty she was raised in (another character, Minnie, comments on her accent and way of speaking) however, when Celia speaks in the book her dialogue is impeccable. This is shown in the quote (for the purpose of differentiation, Celia’s speech is shown in italics and Minnie’s in bold) â€Å"They dont like me because of what they think I did†¦ They dont like you ‘cause they think you white trash. Celia has been said to speak in the same way as the black maids, but when she and Minnie are conversing they speak entirely differently. Note the way that because is pronounced- Minnie has obliterated the ‘be’. The contradiction the author has used suggests her incompetency as a writer. Another is the way this book was billed. The Help is said to be a true to events, accurate recount of life in the South in the 60’s, but the reader does no t have to look too deeply into the book to tell that this is untrue. Perhaps if the writer had spent a little more time researching the era she was going to write in her novel would be worthy of this acclaim. it is clear to almost anybody who reads the novel that she is totally unworthy of this praise and it is disgraceful that she does not seem to care that she is misinforming the readers of her book if they take her word for how life was in the South. This book became wildly successful only because it was thrown in the faces of those who would read it without really thinking into it, enjoying the idea of a white saviour to make America’s dark black civil rights history seem like it wasn’t really so bad. The very idea that the book is based on- that black maids would become so trusting of a white woman who also happens to be friends with their employer, to allow their stories about how difficult it is to work for the white upper class, is so far fetched that it borders on insanity. Stockett then proceeds to illustrate her story to seem s though it would be perfectly plausible. Whilst this would be perfectly fine if Stockett had ensured that the book was received as an entirely fictious work, Stockett also manages to belittle or remove the two most powerful influences of the time; racism and male dominance. I believe this to be because the two did not fit in properly with the storyline and how she wanted it to go- inst ead of rising to the challenge and changing her plot a little to incorporate the two, she once again proves her lack of any real eloquence in writing. I would go so far as to say that her imagination was the only reason she made it in the writing industry as it was definitely not her writing prowess. She wanted her antagonist (or heroine I feel she would prefer), a white upper class woman, to be completely blame free, and so blamed any racism, although to her credit there was very little, on the way she was raised, and blamed her mother for it all. (she does the same for Elisabeth’s daughter, saying that she will also grow up to be racist). Then she draws a complete parallel with Hattie, who is an extreme racist and whose mother is one of the least racist characters in the book. Hattie did not learn her racism from her mother, therefore Stockett cannot make the claim that the parents of a child are to blame. Nevertheless, my experience from reading The Help was not a purely negative one. There were many moments in the story that if I just ignored the constant contradictions in the text I found very moving or entertaining. The dedication Skeeter showed to finding her old maid Constantine, who raised her, and the evident love she had for her, was incredibly touching. Tying her into the story and revealing that it was because of her that Skeeter is not racist was possibly one of the only smart literary moves the author made –that is if you look past the fact that everyone else in her social circle and their parents were raised in the exact same way and not a single one of them turned out like Skeeter. The way that Abileen cared for Mae Moebly was also very touching, and the words â€Å"you is kind, you is smart, you is important† have become synonymous with The Help. These two aspects can be linked together in more than just how touching they both were. (although from what I can gather of Stockett’s writing ‘prowess’ or lack thereof, I cannot decipher whether or not this was purposeful) The way that Abileen cares for Mae Moebly and how Mae sees her more as her mother than her own mother Elizabeth, is a representative for how Skeeter was raised by Constantine instead of her own mother, and xplains why Skeeter was so desperate to find Constantine. Overall, I was incredibly disappointed with this novel as the author butchered an amazing concept that, had it been in an accomplished writers hands could have been an incredible story. The author has a very talented imagination, but perhaps it would be better for her to in future just create the concept and allo w someone who actually has some degree of eloquence to write the actual novel, or alternatively to hire an editor who actually knows how to proofread for contradictions.