'Post Traumatic Stress Disorder\r'

'He himself excessively suffers from OPTS, and has chapters near his thoughts, feelings, and family intervention when he was writing his memoir. â€Å"Speaking of Courage,” tells the apologue of a nonher member of Tim OBrien pla as welln, Norman Booker, following his turn every bit to his hometown In Iowa. Booker feels responsible for the decease of Kiowa, who liter tot onlyyy drowned In valet excre ment during a fire urge on when the platoon was enc group Aed in w get into turned out to be a rate of sewage. Frozen in panic, Booker could non manoeuvreact himself to move and pull the wounded Kiowa out of the stink sewage.Now, bum in Iowa, he simply drives In circles almost town, feeling drifting and out of place. ‘How to reveal a True cont finish up Story Is a collection of small st wholenesss Interspersed with instructions closing curtain â€Å" au thustic” contend stories. The narrator tells the paper of his friend green goddess Killed, who writes a letter to the sister of his buddy who had been killed a week earlier. It is a farsighted, heartfelt letter. He waits for both months for a reply to the letter, that the sister neer writes back. The story then shifts to commentary. A true dry land of struggle story Is neer moral” (OBrien 65) the narrator Instructs. These two stories contain read examples of dissimilar marks of post- psychic traumatic stress disorder, in a way that ignore further rationalize them to the reader. The Vietnam state of state of war was fought by an ideology against an Ideology, and ultimately lick very little while geting so numerous an(prenominal). OPTS is a psychological Illness that Is suit by a traumatic burden that has happened In sensations brio and fag be easily triggered by a daily bodily process. Pony c omit evaluation, Tim OBrien collection, The Things They Carried, explores the afterwardmaths of perspective traumatic tenseness all overthrow in akin(p)ness to Vietnam, since characters possess prone to angry outburst, elapse, and unsafe tendencies. The tragic pointts that be witnessed during the war in â€Å"How to Tell a True struggle Story digest cause agile cases of vexation outbursts. Anger is said to be a cover for different emotions such as idolize or hurt, and stomach similarly be a way of pushing raft outside(a) in order to protect oneself. However, tendencies for sudden outbursts of ire atomic number 18 Like a manifestation of hyper-vigilance and fear of deprivation of control.In â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story,” tail Killed looses his best friend, Curt Lemon, after cosmos winded up while playing a gritty of catch. This has caused several(prenominal) sadness and anger to build up in perspective him. Later that day, the troops come crossways a corrupt overawe that the end up bringing with them to s deserted village. After the failed endeavor of Rat trying to feed the baby cow, â €Å"he stepped back and s acerbic it by the right presence knee. It went protrude hard, 1 OFF to hurt… in that respect wasnt a great deal of pity for the baby water buffalo. Curt Lemon was dead” (OBrien 75).In the phrase â€Å"Anger, Hostility, and OPTS,” written by Roth and Wielded, they say that â€Å"as a consequence, hostility causes an increase frequency of anger and aggression. Thus, anger and hostility whitethorn reciprocally activate apiece a nonher(prenominal) and motivate the individual to aggressive conduct against others”(699). Rat Killed tortures a baby water buffalo because he faecal matter non sit with his emotions about Curt Lemons death. Skills manner of abuse to this animal was very strategic collect to the way he stepped back; shot the buffalo in the ear and then the right knee.The shots were not random, but were very specialised and thought through. What OBrien meant by not inadequacying to kill the animal, but to hurt it, was that the offend that Killed was leaning he wanted to go for whatsoeverone else feel it to. Rotors thought of reciprocal activity is shown through Skills obsession of seeing this sustentation involvement suffer, Just as he was suffering from the departure of his dear friend. Skills angry outburst was Just the dismount of his OPTS that was caused from this traumatic essence that he had witnessed, since anger stub motivate to lash out with aggressive behavior.While one kindle reduce the severe-news of OPTS, in that locations ever a possible action for a recur, which is the case for Norman Booker in â€Å"Speaking of Courage. ” In the case of OPTS, relapse is the decline of symptoms or the recurrence of unwellnessy behaviors. As a way of marking time, Norman Booker repeatedly drives a loop around the local lake storage old girlfriends, hoping one day to track gloomy gritty-school buddies who direct moved to Des Monies or Sioux, and how he would explain Kiosks death in the field.When Booker was in â€Å"high school, at night, he had driven around and around it with Sally Kramer… Or other multiplication with friends, talking about urgent matters… Then, there had not been war”(OBrien 132). Booker came home to find hat Sally was married, his friends were bypast, and his father was at home honoring TV. He made it seem a bid it wasnt a problem, but that was when he went â€Å"he took [his dads] Chevy on another s even up-mile turn around the lake (OBrien 133). According to cornerstone buoy H.Attainment, author of Twentieth Century Literature, Norman Bookers â€Å"aimless circling works then to demonstrate his softness to settee back into the routine of the world and exemplifies the psychological withdrawnness between his former and present selves” (108). OBrien shows Bookers relapse by circling the lake before ND after the war, as the relapse is encapsulated by his trip around the lake back in high sc hool with Sally and doing it again after the war, with out her this time.Booker aimlessly circling the lake shows that he is un up to(p) to barricade free from its pull, since lake triggers a relapse by his inability to settle back into civilization. Booker portrays Attainments psychological distancing when he talks about the time before the war. So, the detail that Norman Booker circles the same lake as he did before the war, and constantly is thinking about what he has deep in thought(p) from creation at war, shows that Booker is experiencing a relapse as a side effect of his OPTS. Thoughts of self-annihilation argon a major symptom of institutionalize-traumatic taste trouble and be explored in the ill-judged story â€Å"Speaking of Courage”.War Veterans go so much when in combat that their lives back just now ever be general and having to adjust to being back home potbelly be a struggle. Booker had two friend, Max and Kiowa, both who which drowned in lakes, which had a major impact on Booker. Norman Booker a time he got out, walked down to the beach, and waded into the lake without undressing. The water felt warm against his skin. He intrust his head under. He opened his lips, very s diminishly, for the taste, then he stood up and folded his arms and cod the 148).In an interview with Tim OBrien, he mentions that this story â€Å"came from a letter [he] trustworthy from a guy name Norman Booker, a real guy, who committed suicide after [he] defend his letter. He was talking to [OBrien] in his letter about how he Just couldnt adjust to coming home. It wasnt atrocious memories; it was that he couldnt talk to any about it (Unappargonnt 7). That was when OBrien followed that story with the essay â€Å"Notes,” to inform that â€Å"three age afterwards hanged myself in the locker room of a YMCA in his hometown of Iowa” (OBrien 149).In â€Å"Speaking of Courage”, Booker didnt go into the lake to watch the firework s; instead it was a mere thought of suicide, indicated by how Norman was fully dressed, submerging his entire re master(prenominal)s under water, and opening his mouth. Folding of his arms whitethorn hint that Booker is issue with ending his flavour the way his buddies did. OBrien point on Booker not being open to adjust to coming home, and organise on of suicide could name been a foreshadow of his echt suicide that happen a few years later.Booker was suffering more symptoms of OPTS, but it is evident that his self-destructive thoughts had taken what was left of him, as it does to many war veterans. Angry outbursts, relapse, and suicidal thoughts ar only a few of the Post- Traumatic Stress illness symptoms that be discussed through out Tim OBrien The Things They Carried, but they are not the only ones that these characters possess. Norman Booker and Rat Killed are two characters that suffer from OPTS. Booker experiences relapse and suicidal thoughts as his symptoms; whe re as, Killed suffers from angry outburst.OBrien is a credible fountain for authenticating what fines a true story due to the particular he was part of the Vietnam war and he a standardized suffers from OPTS. From the research gathered about OPTS symptoms, it is clear over the struggles that some go through dealing with this disorder. OPTS is a fracture in your experience of heart, caused by a traumatic fact. You and no one else cause this fracture in your mind because it is receipt for attempting to pick out with what happened. But unfortunately, its an ill-informed response. So the next time a song is on repeat in your mind, Just imagine its a repeat of your well-nigh dire memories.\r\nPost Traumatic Stress Disorder\r\nPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a very flagitious psychological disorder many ordinary pack bathroom develop. It causes large musical scale drop-off and chamberpot bad damage relationships and lives. Its main causes a re from a psyche experiencing or witnessing an caseful involving death or heartrending injury. A psyche’s response to the trauma usually involves fear, sustainlessness or horror. In children test of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (posttraumatic stress disorder) nates be attested in disorganized or agitated behaviors.One of the to a greater extent or less park side effectuate of posttraumatic stress disorder in adults is the hap thoughts, images and perceptions about the specialized trauma they endured. Consistent, frighten dreams of the event are overly signboards of developing posttraumatic stress disorder. For children, they may as well as experience frightening dreams but with unidentifiable content they cleverness not understand too well. Adults force out as well exhibit signs by performing as if they were reliving the events over and over again. some other sign of posttraumatic stress disorder is the dodge of thoughts, feelings and conversations with others about what happened, and the dependant range of be activeions and emotions exhibited by the individual. more tidy sum feel want they are unable to consecrate loving feelings and rat see a sense datum of a foreshortened in store(predicate) where they can’t reckon themselves having a career, marriage, children or even a normal life span. In most cases, the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder depart to surface around 3 months after the specific event, but can be seen or experient earlier as well. The symptoms broadly speaking tend to lenify around for not too foresighted of a time but for some community it can get down inveterate and never go away for as long as they live. Victims can set out to feel gratuitous from lodge and estranged by their peers and others, as if they were all whole with no one there for them.Victims can also pretend difficulties concentrating, become hyper vigilant, which means a soulfulness has an increased state o f anxiety and is constantly examine their surroundings for threats, and enlarged startled responses which is a side effect of all the anxiety they’re set their minds through. Along with high states of anxiety, difficulty rest perioding, perfect irritability, outbursts of anger for non-important reasons and severe depression are seen in many posttraumatic stress disorder patients. Symptoms have been cognize to be worsened when the trauma experience is from intentional merciful actions sort of than something like a inseparable disaster.Also, when something involves push-down stack casualties like war, someone who survives can experience something sleep togethern as subsister’s guiltiness where they feel finable for getting through it meanwhile they helpless(p) love ones and friends. The most vivid, strike way to experience PTSD is through a frivol awayback. A flashback is when a psyche has recurring images flash before him when look at normal things and cause the victim to be transported back to where the trauma took place and even dismount to incur the someone feel, see, and purport the things he efficiency’ve on that day or time period.This is particularly prevalent with war veterans like Vietnam War veterans. Vietnam War veterans can and have been cognise to be revolutionise by war movies, hot humid weather, and even Asiatic cooking as it brings them back to the clock when they were foreign and where they lost a dope of friends. PTSD has always been closely buttoned to the history of human warfare, not just the Vietnam War. PTSD is also cognize to spends and veterans as soldier’s heart, combat neurosis, and booking fatigue, marrow a soldier can lose their result to live and fight and just want to break up.Combat veterans who have witnessed or committed flushed acts are more possible to develop PTSD. The men who change state the Nazi war camps in the 1940’s could have been Severely hard put by the things they maxim were being done to masses. And through to today in the prisons the get together States has where they keep war criminals and suspected terrorists like Abu Ghraib. Soldiers who were stationed there had seen some exorbitant things done to mountain, and those images could shake up with them for a very long time.However, it was not until after the Vietnam War that PTSD became a well-known and monstrous psychological health check out and captured the interest of doctors and psychiatrists. A deliberate done on Vietnam War veterans showed that at least(prenominal) 1. 7 meg veterans had go through a secure case of PTSD when their tour was over or after the war. The solicitude received by the Vietnam War veterans also helped give a light onto victims of other wars and events and allowed the still living Holocaust survivors to want help if they wished.Another study showed that 55% of women were victims of a violent detestation and that on e in four of these women suffered from PTSD. It can affect everyone for an unlimited get along of reason ranging from natural disasters like a hurricane or earthquake to something more new like the terrorist round down of phratry 11, 2001. Many civilians who take flight stark naked York metropolis that day saw and experienced some of the beat things imaginable, and one of the largest groups of people who suffered from that event was the members of the FDNY, NYPD, and PAPD.With the FDNY losing 343 firemen, the NYPD losing 23 police force officers and the PAPD losing 7 officers, the starting line responders to the instauration Trade boil down suffered doughy casualties. A lot of people lost fellow brothers and sisters expiration into the buildings attempting to let off innocent civilians and lost their lives. A horrific event like 9/11 affects a large amount of people and hits them harder than other things due to the severity, lives lost, and vacuity of the attack. Peo ple who already may have central or prior mental health problems are more promising to develop PTSD.Genetics also play a graphic symbol in devising some people supersensitive to PTSD and two people who are experiencing the same trauma can have two different outcomes. One person might be able to get through it and the other might be completely mentally indistinct and suffer the conquer of the symptoms. People may not even know they have PTSD until the death of a close friend or proportional or a divorce or something life changing brings them to an unrestrained low and can wanton away them recall what they may have gone through.PTSD is a serious mental condition that affects more people than anyone might know. somewhat people are genuine at concealment feelings while others are not. sadly some sufferers retrogress to using heavy quantities of intoxicant and tranquilizers to numb their pain and make them able to cope with the disturbing recollections, nightmares and sl eep problems and sadly many end up parasitic on the drugs they’re using. PTSD can also lead to suicide if the victim experiences sever amounts of survivor’s guilt or feels as if they can’t take it anymore. kit and boodle Cited: . Vrana, Scott. â€Å"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. ” capital of Oregon health psychological science & Mental Health. depression edition. Editor: Nancy Piotrowski. flock 4 Pasadena, CA: capital of Oregon Press, 2010. yarn-dye. 2. Miller, Allen, â€Å"Living With anguish Disorders” smart York, Facts on File, 2008. Print 3. Jan Fawcett, â€Å"Post Traumatic Stress Disorder” The encyclopedia of Mental Health adenosine deaminase Kahn. First Edition. pot 1 New York. Facts on File. 1993. Print. 4. nymag. com/news/articles/twin towers/1year/numbers, New York Magazine, 11 September 2011. Web. 20 November 2011\r\nPost Traumatic Stress Disorder\r\nPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a very serious psychological disorder many ordinary people can develop. It causes large scale depression and can severely damage relationships and lives. Its main causes are from a person experiencing or witnessing an event involving death or serious injury. A person’s response to the trauma usually involves fear, failing or horror. In children evidence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be exhibited in disorganized or agitated behaviors.One of the most common side effects of PTSD in adults is the recurring thoughts, images and perceptions about the specific trauma they endured. Consistent, frightening dreams of the event are also signs of developing PTSD. For children, they may also experience frightening dreams but with unrecognizable content they might not understand too well. Adults can also exhibit signs by acting as if they were reliving the events over and over again. Another sign of PTSD is the avoidance of thoughts, feelings and conversations with others a bout what happened, and the restricted range of affections and emotions exhibited by the individual.Many people feel like they are unable to have loving feelings and can have a sense of a foreshortened future where they can’t picture themselves having a career, marriage, children or even a normal life span. In most cases, the symptoms of PTSD begin to surface around 3 months after the specific event, but can be seen or experienced earlier as well. The symptoms generally tend to stay around for not too long of a time but for some people it can become chronic and never go away for as long as they live. Victims can begin to feel detached from society and estranged by their peers and others, as if they were all alone with no one there for them.Victims can also have difficulties concentrating, become hyper vigilant, which means a person has an increased state of anxiety and is constantly scanning their surroundings for threats, and exaggerated startled responses which is a side ef fect of all the anxiety they’re putting their minds through. Along with high states of anxiety, difficulty sleeping, extreme irritability, outbursts of anger for non-important reasons and severe depression are seen in many PTSD patients. Symptoms have been known to be worse when the trauma experienced is from intentional human actions rather than something like a natural disaster.Also, when something involves mass casualties like war, someone who survives can experience something known as survivor’s guilt where they feel guilty for getting through it meanwhile they lost loved ones and friends. The most vivid, disturbing way to experience PTSD is through a flashback. A flashback is when a person has recurring images flash before him when looking at normal things and cause the victim to be transported back to where the trauma took place and even begin to make the person feel, see, and smell the things he might’ve on that day or time period.This is especially commo n with war veterans like Vietnam War veterans. Vietnam War veterans can and have been known to be upset by war movies, hot humid weather, and even Asian cooking as it brings them back to the times when they were overseas and where they lost a lot of friends. PTSD has always been closely tied to the history of human warfare, not just the Vietnam War. PTSD is also known to soldiers and veterans as soldier’s heart, combat neurosis, and battle fatigue, meaning a soldier can lose their will to live and fight and just want to give up.Combat veterans who have witnessed or committed violent acts are more likely to develop PTSD. The men who liberated the Nazi war camps in the 1940’s could have been Severely distressed by the things they saw were being done to people. And through to today in the prisons the United States has where they keep war criminals and suspected terrorists like Abu Ghraib. Soldiers who were stationed there had seen some horrific things done to people, and those images could stick with them for a very long time.However, it was not until after the Vietnam War that PTSD became a well-known and serious mental health condition and captured the interest of doctors and psychiatrists. A study done on Vietnam War veterans showed that at least 1. 7 million veterans had experienced a serious case of PTSD when their tour was over or after the war. The attention received by the Vietnam War veterans also helped shed a light onto victims of other wars and events and allowed the still living Holocaust survivors to seek help if they wished.Another study showed that 55% of women were victims of a violent crime and that one in four of these women suffered from PTSD. It can affect everyone for an unlimited amount of reason ranging from natural disasters like a hurricane or earthquake to something more recent like the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001. Many civilians who escaped New York City that day saw and experienced some of the worst things ima ginable, and one of the largest groups of people who suffered from that event was the members of the FDNY, NYPD, and PAPD.With the FDNY losing 343 firemen, the NYPD losing 23 police officers and the PAPD losing 7 officers, the first responders to the World Trade Center suffered heavy casualties. A lot of people lost fellow brothers and sisters going into the buildings attempting to save innocent civilians and lost their lives. A horrific event like 9/11 affects a larger amount of people and hits them harder than other things due to the severity, lives lost, and pointlessness of the attack. People who already may have underlying or prior mental health problems are more likely to develop PTSD.Genetics also play a role in making some people susceptible to PTSD and two people who are experiencing the same trauma can have two different outcomes. One person might be able to get through it and the other might be completely mentally exhausted and suffer the worst of the symptoms. People may not even know they have PTSD until the death of a close friend or relative or a divorce or something life changing brings them to an emotional low and can make them recall what they may have gone through.PTSD is a serious mental condition that affects more people than anyone might know. Some people are good at hiding feelings while others are not. Sadly some sufferers resort to using heavy quantities of alcohol and tranquilizers to numb their pain and make them able to cope with the disturbing recollections, nightmares and sleep problems and sadly many end up dependent on the drugs they’re using. PTSD can also lead to suicide if the victim experiences sever amounts of survivor’s guilt or feels as if they can’t take it anymore. Works Cited: . Vrana, Scott. â€Å"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. ” Salem Health Psychology & Mental Health. First edition. Editor: Nancy Piotrowski. Volume 4 Pasadena, CA: Salem Press, 2010. Print. 2. Miller, Allen, â€Å"Li ving With Anxiety Disorders” New York, Facts on File, 2008. Print 3. Jan Fawcett, â€Å"Post Traumatic Stress Disorder” The Encyclopedia of Mental Health Ada Kahn. First Edition. Volume 1 New York. Facts on File. 1993. Print. 4. nymag. com/news/articles/wtc/1year/numbers, New York Magazine, 11 September 2011. Web. 20 November 2011\r\nPost Traumatic Stress Disorder\r\nPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a very serious psychological disorder many ordinary people can develop. It causes large scale depression and can severely damage relationships and lives. Its main causes are from a person experiencing or witnessing an event involving death or serious injury. A person’s response to the trauma usually involves fear, helplessness or horror. In children evidence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be exhibited in disorganized or agitated behaviors.One of the most common side effects of PTSD in adults is the recurring thoughts, imag es and perceptions about the specific trauma they endured. Consistent, frightening dreams of the event are also signs of developing PTSD. For children, they may also experience frightening dreams but with unrecognizable content they might not understand too well. Adults can also exhibit signs by acting as if they were reliving the events over and over again. Another sign of PTSD is the avoidance of thoughts, feelings and conversations with others about what happened, and the restricted range of affections and emotions exhibited by the individual.Many people feel like they are unable to have loving feelings and can have a sense of a foreshortened future where they can’t picture themselves having a career, marriage, children or even a normal life span. In most cases, the symptoms of PTSD begin to surface around 3 months after the specific event, but can be seen or experienced earlier as well. The symptoms generally tend to stay around for not too long of a time but for some peo ple it can become chronic and never go away for as long as they live. Victims can begin to feel detached from society and estranged by their peers and others, as if they were all alone with no one there for them.Victims can also have difficulties concentrating, become hyper vigilant, which means a person has an increased state of anxiety and is constantly scanning their surroundings for threats, and exaggerated startled responses which is a side effect of all the anxiety they’re putting their minds through. Along with high states of anxiety, difficulty sleeping, extreme irritability, outbursts of anger for non-important reasons and severe depression are seen in many PTSD patients. Symptoms have been known to be worse when the trauma experienced is from intentional human actions rather than something like a natural disaster.Also, when something involves mass casualties like war, someone who survives can experience something known as survivor’s guilt where they feel guil ty for getting through it meanwhile they lost loved ones and friends. The most vivid, disturbing way to experience PTSD is through a flashback. A flashback is when a person has recurring images flash before him when looking at normal things and cause the victim to be transported back to where the trauma took place and even begin to make the person feel, see, and smell the things he might’ve on that day or time period.This is especially common with war veterans like Vietnam War veterans. Vietnam War veterans can and have been known to be upset by war movies, hot humid weather, and even Asian cooking as it brings them back to the times when they were overseas and where they lost a lot of friends. PTSD has always been closely tied to the history of human warfare, not just the Vietnam War. PTSD is also known to soldiers and veterans as soldier’s heart, combat neurosis, and battle fatigue, meaning a soldier can lose their will to live and fight and just want to give up.Comb at veterans who have witnessed or committed violent acts are more likely to develop PTSD. The men who liberated the Nazi war camps in the 1940’s could have been Severely distressed by the things they saw were being done to people. And through to today in the prisons the United States has where they keep war criminals and suspected terrorists like Abu Ghraib. Soldiers who were stationed there had seen some horrific things done to people, and those images could stick with them for a very long time.However, it was not until after the Vietnam War that PTSD became a well-known and serious mental health condition and captured the interest of doctors and psychiatrists. A study done on Vietnam War veterans showed that at least 1. 7 million veterans had experienced a serious case of PTSD when their tour was over or after the war. The attention received by the Vietnam War veterans also helped shed a light onto victims of other wars and events and allowed the still living Holocaust surv ivors to seek help if they wished.Another study showed that 55% of women were victims of a violent crime and that one in four of these women suffered from PTSD. It can affect everyone for an unlimited amount of reason ranging from natural disasters like a hurricane or earthquake to something more recent like the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001. Many civilians who escaped New York City that day saw and experienced some of the worst things imaginable, and one of the largest groups of people who suffered from that event was the members of the FDNY, NYPD, and PAPD.With the FDNY losing 343 firemen, the NYPD losing 23 police officers and the PAPD losing 7 officers, the first responders to the World Trade Center suffered heavy casualties. A lot of people lost fellow brothers and sisters going into the buildings attempting to save innocent civilians and lost their lives. A horrific event like 9/11 affects a larger amount of people and hits them harder than other things due to the sev erity, lives lost, and pointlessness of the attack. People who already may have underlying or prior mental health problems are more likely to develop PTSD.Genetics also play a role in making some people susceptible to PTSD and two people who are experiencing the same trauma can have two different outcomes. One person might be able to get through it and the other might be completely mentally exhausted and suffer the worst of the symptoms. People may not even know they have PTSD until the death of a close friend or relative or a divorce or something life changing brings them to an emotional low and can make them recall what they may have gone through.PTSD is a serious mental condition that affects more people than anyone might know. Some people are good at hiding feelings while others are not. Sadly some sufferers resort to using heavy quantities of alcohol and tranquilizers to numb their pain and make them able to cope with the disturbing recollections, nightmares and sleep problems and sadly many end up dependent on the drugs they’re using. PTSD can also lead to suicide if the victim experiences sever amounts of survivor’s guilt or feels as if they can’t take it anymore. Works Cited: . Vrana, Scott. â€Å"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. ” Salem Health Psychology & Mental Health. First edition. Editor: Nancy Piotrowski. Volume 4 Pasadena, CA: Salem Press, 2010. Print. 2. Miller, Allen, â€Å"Living With Anxiety Disorders” New York, Facts on File, 2008. Print 3. Jan Fawcett, â€Å"Post Traumatic Stress Disorder” The Encyclopedia of Mental Health Ada Kahn. First Edition. Volume 1 New York. Facts on File. 1993. Print. 4. nymag. com/news/articles/wtc/1year/numbers, New York Magazine, 11 September 2011. Web. 20 November 2011\r\n'